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| Topic | Details |
Security and Risk Management - 15% | |
| Understand, adhere to, and promote professional ethics | - (ISC)2 Code of Professional Ethics - Organizational code of ethics |
| Understand and apply security concepts | - Confidentiality, integrity, and availability, authenticity and nonrepudiation |
| Evaluate and apply security governance principles | - Alignment of the security function to business strategy, goals, mission, and objectives - Organizational processes (e.g., acquisitions, divestitures, governance committees) - Organizational roles and responsibilities - Security control frameworks - Due care/due diligence |
| Determine compliance and other requirements | - Contractual, legal, industry standards, and regulatory requirements - Privacy requirements |
| Understand legal and regulatory issues that pertain to information security in a holistic context | - Cybercrimes and data breaches - Licensing and Intellectual Property (IP) requirements - Import/export controls - Transborder data flow - Privacy |
| Understand requirements for investigation types (i.e., administrative, criminal, civil, regulatory, industry standards) | |
| Develop, document, and implement security policy, standards, procedures, and guidelines | |
| Identify, analyze, and prioritize Business Continuity (BC) requirements | - Business Impact Analysis (BIA) - Develop and document the scope and the plan |
| Contribute to and enforce personnel security policies and procedures | - Candidate screening and hiring - Employment agreements and policies - Onboarding, transfers, and termination processes - Vendor, consultant, and contractor agreements and controls - Compliance policy requirements - Privacy policy requirements |
| Understand and apply risk management concepts | - Identify threats and vulnerabilities - Risk assessment/analysis - Risk response - Countermeasure selection and implementation - Applicable types of controls (e.g., preventive, detective, corrective) - Control assessments (security and privacy) - Monitoring and measurement - Reporting - Continuous improvement (e.g., Risk maturity modeling) - Risk frameworks |
| Understand and apply threat modeling concepts and methodologies | |
| Apply Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) concepts | - Risks associated with hardware, software, and services - Third-party assessment and monitoring - Minimum security requirements - Service level requirements |
| Establish and maintain a security awareness, education, and training program | - Methods and techniques to present awareness and training (e.g., social engineering, phishing, security champions, gamification) - Periodic content reviews - Program effectiveness evaluation |
Asset Security - 10% | |
| Identify and classify information and assets | - Data classification - Asset Classification |
| Establish information and asset handling requirements | |
| Provision resources securely | - Information and asset ownership - Asset inventory (e.g., tangible, intangible) - Asset management |
| Manage data lifecycle | - Data roles (i.e., owners, controllers, custodians, processors, users/subjects) - Data collection - Data location - Data maintenance - Data retention - Data remanence - Data destruction |
| Ensure appropriate asset retention (e.g., End-of-Life (EOL), End-of-Support (EOS)) | |
| Determine data security controls and compliance requirements | - Data states (e.g., in use, in transit, at rest) - Scoping and tailoring - Standards selection - Data protection methods (e.g., Digital Rights Management (DRM), Data Loss Prevention (DLP), Cloud Access Security Broker (CASB)) |
Security Architecture and Engineering - 13% | |
| Research, implement and manage engineering processes using secure design principles | - Threat modeling - Least privilege - Defense in depth - Secure defaults - Fail securely - Separation of Duties (SoD) - Keep it simple - Zero Trust - Privacy by design - Trust but verify - Shared responsibility |
| Understand the fundamental concepts of security models (e.g., Biba, Star Model, Bell-LaPadula) | |
| Select controls based upon systems security requirements | |
| Understand security capabilities of information systems (IS) (e.g., memory protection, Trusted Platform Module (TPM), encryption/decryption) | |
| Assess and mitigate the vulnerabilities of security architectures, designs, and solution elements | - Client-based systems - Server-based systems - Database systems - Cryptographic systems - Industrial Control Systems (ICS) - Cloud-based systems (e.g., Software as a Service (SaaS), Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS)) - Distributed systems - Internet of Things (IoT) - Microservices - Containerization - Serverless - Embedded systems - High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems - Edge computing systems - Virtualized systems |
| Select and determine cryptographic solutions | - Cryptographic life cycle (e.g., keys, algorithm selection) - Cryptographic methods (e.g., symmetric, asymmetric, elliptic curves, quantum) - Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) - Key management practices - Digital signatures and digital certificates - Non-repudiation - Integrity (e.g., hashing) |
| Understand methods of cryptanalytic attacks | - Brute force - Ciphertext only - Known plaintext - Frequency analysis - Chosen ciphertext - Implementation attacks - Side-channel - Fault injection - Timing - Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) - Pass the hash - Kerberos exploitation - Ransomware |
| Apply security principles to site and facility design | |
| Design site and facility security controls | - Wiring closets/intermediate distribution facilities - Server rooms/data centers - Media storage facilities - Evidence storage - Restricted and work area security - Utilities and Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) - Environmental issues - Fire prevention, detection, and suppression - Power (e.g., redundant, backup) |
Communication and Network Security - 13% | |
| Assess and implement secure design principles in network architectures | - Open System Interconnection (OSI) and Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) models - Internet Protocol (IP) networking (e.g., Internet Protocol Security (IPSec), Internet Protocol (IP) v4/6) - Secure protocols - Implications of multilayer protocols - Converged protocols (e.g., Fiber Channel Over Ethernet (FCoE), Internet Small Computer Systems Interface (iSCSI), Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)) - Micro-segmentation (e.g., Software Defined Networks (SDN), Virtual eXtensible Local Area Network (VXLAN), Encapsulation, Software-Defined Wide Area Network (SD WAN)) - Wireless networks (e.g., Li-Fi, Wi-Fi, Zigbee, satellite) - Cellular networks (e.g., 4G, 5G) - Content Distribution Networks (CDN) |
| Secure network components | - Operation of hardware (e.g., redundant power, warranty, support) - Transmission media - Network Access Control (NAC) devices - Endpoint security |
| Implement secure communication channels according to design | - Voice - Multimedia collaboration - Remote access - Data communications - Virtualized networks - Third-party connectivity |
Identity and Access Management (IAM) - 13% | |
| Control physical and logical access to assets | - Information - Systems - Devices - Facilities - Applications |
| Manage identification and authentication of people, devices, and services | - Identity Management (IdM) implementation - Single/multi-factor authentication (MFA) - Accountability - Session management - Registration, proofing, and establishment of identity - Federated Identity Management (FIM) - Credential management systems - Single Sign On (SSO) - Just-In-Time (JIT) |
| Federated identity with a third-party service | - On-premise - Cloud - Hybrid |
| Implement and manage authorization mechanisms | - Role Based Access Control (RBAC) - Rule based access control - Mandatory Access Control (MAC) - Discretionary Access Control (DAC) - Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC) - Risk based access control |
| Manage the identity and access provisioning lifecycle | - Account access review (e.g., user, system, service) - Provisioning and deprovisioning (e.g., on /off boarding and transfers) - Role definition (e.g., people assigned to new roles) - Privilege escalation (e.g., managed service accounts, use of sudo, minimizing its use) |
| Implement authentication systems | - OpenID Connect (OIDC)/Open Authorization (Oauth) - Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) - Kerberos - Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)/Terminal Access Controller Access Control System Plus (TACACS+) |
Security Assessment and Testing - 12% | |
| Design and validate assessment, test, and audit strategies | - Internal - External - Third-party |
| Conduct security control testing | - Vulnerability assessment - Penetration testing - Log reviews - Synthetic transactions - Code review and testing - Misuse case testing - Test coverage analysis - Interface testing - Breach attack simulations - Compliance checks |
| Collect security process data (e.g., technical and administrative) | - Account management - Management review and approval - Key performance and risk indicators - Backup verification data - Training and awareness - Disaster Recovery (DR) and Business Continuity (BC) |
| Analyze test output and generate report | - Remediation - Exception handling - Ethical disclosure |
| Conduct or facilitate security audits | - Internal - External - Third-party |
Security Operations - 13% | |
| Understand and comply with investigations | - Evidence collection and handling - Reporting and documentation - Investigative techniques - Digital forensics tools, tactics, and procedures - Artifacts (e.g., computer, network, mobile device) |
| Conduct logging and monitoring activities | - Intrusion detection and prevention - Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) - Continuous monitoring - Egress monitoring - Log management - Threat intelligence (e.g., threat feeds, threat hunting) - User and Entity Behavior Analytics (UEBA) |
| Perform Configuration Management (CM) (e.g., provisioning, baselining, automation) | |
| Apply foundational security operations concepts | - Need-to-know/least privilege - Separation of Duties (SoD) and responsibilities - Privileged account management - Job rotation - Service Level Agreements (SLAs) |
| Apply resource protection | - Media management - Media protection techniques |
| Conduct incident management | - Detection - Response - Mitigation - Reporting - Recovery - Remediation - Lessons learned |
| Operate and maintain detective and preventative measures | - Firewalls (e.g., next generation, web application, network) - Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS) - Whitelisting/blacklisting - Third-party provided security services - Sandboxing - Honeypots/honeynets - Anti-malware - Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools |
| Implement and support patch and vulnerability management | |
| Understand and participate in change management processes | |
| Implement recovery strategies | - Backup storage strategies - Recovery site strategies - Multiple processing sites - System resilience, High Availability (HA), Quality of Service (QoS), and fault tolerance |
| Implement Disaster Recovery (DR) processes | - Response - Personnel - Communications - Assessment - Restoration - Training and awareness - Lessons learned |
| Test Disaster Recovery Plans (DRP) | - Read-through/tabletop - Walkthrough - Simulation - Parallel - Full interruption |
| Participate in Business Continuity (BC) planning and exercises | |
| Implement and manage physical security | - Perimeter security controls - Internal security controls |
ISC CISSP Certification Exam is a rigorous and challenging exam that tests the knowledge and skills of security professionals in various domains related to information security. Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certification is highly respected in the industry and is recognized by organizations worldwide. Becoming a CISSP demonstrates a professional's commitment to information security and can help them advance their careers and increase their earning potential.
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NEW QUESTION # 460
Which of the following protocols operates at the session layer (layer 5)?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Remotre Procedure Call (RPC) is the only of the above choices to operate at the
session layer (layer 5).
All of the other answers were wrong.
LPD operates at layer 7
SPX operates at layer 4
IGMP operates at layer 3.
Reference:
WALLHOFF, John, CBK#2 Telecommunications and Network Security (CISSP Study Guide), April
2002 (page 1).
NEW QUESTION # 461
The security team plans on using automated account reconciliation in the corporate user access review process.
Which of the following must be implemented for the BEST results with fewest errors when running the audit?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Clear provisioning policies are essential for the best results with fewest errors when running the audit using automated account reconciliation. Automated account reconciliation is a process that compares the user accounts and access rights in the system with the expected or authorized accounts and access rights, and identifies any discrepancies or anomalies. Clear provisioning policies define the rules and criteria for creating, modifying, deleting, and reviewing user accounts and access rights, and they provide a baseline for the automated account reconciliation process. The other options are not correct. Removal of service accounts from review may reduce the scope of the audit, but it may also introduce errors or risks if the service accounts are not properly managed or secured. Segregation of Duties (SoD) is a principle that prevents a single user from having conflicting or excessive access rights, but it does not ensure the accuracy or completeness of the automated account reconciliation process. Frequent audits may increase the frequency of the automated account reconciliation process, but they do not improve the quality or reliability of the process.
References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 8: Security Operations, page 1039. Official (ISC)2 CISSP CBK Reference, Fifth Edition, Chapter 7: Security Operations, page 1040.
NEW QUESTION # 462
Normalizing data within a database could include all or some of the following except which one?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Normalizing data within a database does not eliminate duplicate key fields by putting them into separate tables.
An entity is in First Normal Form (1NF) when all tables are two-dimensional with no repeating groups.
A row is in first normal form (1NF) if all underlying domains contain atomic values only. 1NF eliminates repeating groups by putting each into a separate table and connecting them with a one-to-many relationship. Make a separate table for each set of related attributes and uniquely identify each record with a primary key.
Eliminate duplicative columns from the same table.
Create separate tables for each group of related data and identify each row with a unique column or set
of columns (the primary key).
An entity is in Second Normal Form (2NF) when it meets the requirement of being in First Normal Form (1NF) and additionally:
Does not have a composite primary key. Meaning that the primary key cannot be subdivided into
separate logical entities.
All the non-key columns are functionally dependent on the entire primary key.
A row is in second normal form if, and only if, it is in first normal form and every non-key attribute is fully
dependent on the key.
2NF eliminates functional dependencies on a partial key by putting the fields in a separate table from
those that are dependent on the whole key. An example is resolving many:many relationships using an intersecting entity
An entity is in Third Normal Form (3NF) when it meets the requirement of being in Second Normal Form (2NF) and additionally:
Functional dependencies on non-key fields are eliminated by putting them in a separate table. At this
level, all non-key fields are dependent on the primary key.
A row is in third normal form if and only if it is in second normal form and if attributes that do not
contribute to a description of the primary key are move into a separate table. An example is creating look-up tables.
Incorrect Answers:
A: Normalizing data within a database does eliminate duplicative columns from the same table.
B: Normalizing data within a database does eliminate functional dependencies on a partial key by putting the fields in a separate table from those that are dependent on the whole key.
C: Normalizing data within a database does eliminate Functional dependencies on non-key fields by putting them in a separate table.
References:
http://psoug.org/reference/normalization.html
http://searchsqlserver.techtarget.com/definition/normalization?vgnextfmt=print
NEW QUESTION # 463
Which one of the following describes granularity?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Granularity is the degree of detail or precision that an access control system can provide. A granular access control system can specify different levels of access for different users, groups, resources, or conditions. For example, a granular firewall can allow or deny traffic based on the source, destination, port, protocol, time, or other criteria
NEW QUESTION # 464
Which of the following is the MOST appropriate technique for destroying magnetic platter style hard disk drives (HDD) containing data with a "HIGH" security categorization?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Mechanically shredding the entire HDD is the most appropriate technique for destroying magnetic platter style hard disk drives containing data with a "HIGH" security categorization. Mechanical shredding is a process that uses a powerful machine to cut, tear, or crush the HDD into small pieces, making it impossible to recover any data from the platters or the components. Mechanical shredding is the most appropriate technique for destroying HDDs with high security data, because it can:
* Ensure the complete and irreversible destruction of the HDD and the data, regardless of the type, size, or condition of the HDD, and without requiring any prior preparation or disassembly of the HDD.
* Provide a high level of assurance and confidence that the HDD and the data are destroyed beyond any possibility of recovery, even by advanced forensic techniques or specialized equipment.
* Comply with the industry standards and the best practices for the secure disposal of HDDs and the data, such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Special Publication 800-88 Revision
1, Guidelines for Media Sanitization1, or the Department of Defense (DoD) 5220.22-M, National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual2.
The other options are not the most appropriate techniques for destroying HDDs with high security data.
Drilling through the device and platters is a process that uses a drill to make holes in the HDD and the platters, making it difficult to read the data from the platters. Drilling through the device and platters is not the most appropriate technique for destroying HDDs with high security data, because it may not:
* Destroy the entire HDD and the data, as some parts of the platters or the components may remain intact or readable, and may be recovered by sophisticated methods or tools.
* Provide a sufficient level of assurance and confidence that the HDD and the data are destroyed beyond any possibility of recovery, as the number, size, and location of the holes may vary depending on the type, size, or condition of the HDD, and the skill, experience, or equipment of the operator.
* Comply with the industry standards and the best practices for the secure disposal of HDDs and the data, as drilling through the device and platters is not considered a reliable or effective method of sanitization or destruction by the NIST or the DoD.
Removing the control electronics is a process that involves detaching the circuit board or the controller from the HDD, making it unable to communicate or operate with other devices. Removing the control electronics is not the most appropriate technique for destroying HDDs with high security data, because it does not:
* Destroy the HDD and the data, as the platters and the components that store the data are still intact and readable, and may be recovered by replacing the control electronics or using other devices.
* Provide any level of assurance and confidence that the HDD and the data are destroyed beyond any possibility of recovery, as removing the control electronics is a reversible and trivial process that does not affect the data on the platters or the components.
* Comply with the industry standards and the best practices for the secure disposal of HDDs and the data, as removing the control electronics is not considered a method of sanitization or destruction by the NIST or the DoD.
HP iProcess the HDD through a degaussing device is a process that uses a powerful magnet to erase the data from the HDD by altering or eliminating the magnetic field of the platters or the components. HP iProcess the HDD through a degaussing device is not the most appropriate technique for destroying HDDs with high security data, because it may not:
* Destroy the HDD and the data, as some types of HDDs, such as solid state drives (SSDs) or hybrid drives, do not use magnetic fields to store the data, and may not be affected by the degaussing device, or may require a higher level of magnetic force to erase the data.
* Provide a reliable level of assurance and confidence that the HDD and the data are destroyed beyond any possibility of recovery, as the effectiveness of the degaussing device may depend on the type, size, or condition of the HDD, and the strength, duration, or orientation of the magnetic field, and it may be difficult to verify or validate the results of the degaussing process.
* Comply with the industry standards and the best practices for the secure disposal of HDDs and the data, as the NIST and the DoD recommend the use of degaussing devices that are certified or approved by the National Security Agency (NSA) or the Center for Magnetic Recording Research (CMRR), and that are compatible with the type and size of the HDD.
If you want to learn more about the different techniques for destroying HDDs and the data, you can check out these resources:
* How to Destroy a Hard Drive - The Family Handyman
* How can I physically destroy data from a failed HDD? - Super User
* The right way to destroy an old hard drive - CNET
NEW QUESTION # 465
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