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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Understanding and defining business needs | - Role of procurement in identifying and defining needs - Alignment of procurement with organisational objectives |
| Specification development | - Stakeholder engagement in requirements definition - Types of specifications (input, output, conformance) - Key performance indicators and measurable requirements |
| Demand management and value for money | - Balancing cost, quality, and risk - Whole life costing and total cost of ownership - Demand analysis and forecasting |
| Risk, sustainability, and compliance considerations | - Sustainability and ethical sourcing requirements - Managing procurement and supply risks - Legal and regulatory constraints affecting specifications |
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NEW QUESTION # 32
Daytona Ltd is developing a new product which is more environmental friendly. Though the objectives are set, the project team has no idea on which functions will be customers' favourites. Which of the following will help them decide the 'should-have' functions of the new product?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Kano model is useful in gaining a thorough understanding of a customer's needs. You can translate and transform the resulting verbatims using the voice of the customer table that, subse-quently, becomes an excellent input as the whatsin a quality function deployment (QFD) House of Quality.
The model involves two dimensions:
Achievement (the horizontal axis), which goes from the supplier didn't do it at all to the supplier did it very well.
Satisfaction (the vertical axis), which goes from total dissatisfaction with the product or service to total satisfaction with the product or service.
Dr. Noriaki Kano isolated and identified three levels of customer expectations: that is, what it takes to positively impact customer satisfaction. The figure below portrays the three levels of need: expected, normal, and exciting.
The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument (TKI) is a conflict style inventory, which is a tool developed to measure an individual's response to conflict situations.
Genichi Taguchi, a Japanese engineer, proposed several approaches to experimental designs that are sometimes called "Taguchi Methods." These methods utilize two-, three-, and mixed-level fractional factorial designs. Large screening designs seem to be particularly favored by Taguchi adherents.
Six Sigma is a method that provides organizations tools to improve the capability of their business processes.
This increase in performance and decrease in process variation helps lead to defect re-duction and improvement in profits, employee morale, and quality of products or services.
Source:
- CIPS study guide page 171-172
- WHAT IS THE KANO MODEL?
LO 3, AC 3.4
NEW QUESTION # 33
A company is planning the procurement of an IT system and wants to agree a through-life contract with the supplier to ensure ongoing system support. The first step in producing that specification should be to:
Answer: B
Explanation:
Writing a high-quality specification is very crucial in every purchase. In through-life management, it is even more important since the assets often have very high value. Defining user requirement is the first step to write a specification. Without doing this right, many problems may arise in later stages.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.2
NEW QUESTION # 34
EV Inc is facing the following challenges:
1. The capital investment is enormous.
2. Most of company's working capital is in form of inventories, which include raw materials, work-in-progress and finished goods.
3. Competitors are increasingly deploying robotics and automation to boost productivity.
Which of the below business sectors does EV Inc belong to?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Every sector among the options requires intensive capital investment. However, only manufacturing and retails bury much of their working capital in form of inventory. Raw materials and WIP only present in manufacturing sector.
The manufacturing industry is undergoing massive change, rivaling the Industrial Revolution that began in England and continued on Detroit's assembly lines. But today's revolution is "smart," thanks to factories using artificial intelligence and robots.
A new trend is the "cobot" - a collaborative robot designed to work with humans. One company called Moduform uses them to make furniture in the U.S. The company credits using cobots for reducing their staffing turnover, since the robots do mundane repetitive tasks that bore humans, while people can now do cognitive tasks requiring judgment and diversified responsibilities. Other innovations include 3D printing, Artificial Intelligence and automation.
Today's artificial intelligence manufacturing revolution improves performance in two key areas of manufacturing: productivity and quality control.
Reference:
- The Key Characteristics of Manufacturing (bizfluent.com)
- CIPS study guide page 74-76
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION # 35
Lucy, a junior procurement analyst, has been asked to assess the competitive forces in the garden furniture market. XYZ Ltd is the largest producer of garden furniture in the country. It produces 70% of all the garden furniture manufactured, while the second largest manufacturer produces less than 5% of the garden furniture for the country. Which power does XYZ Ltd possess?
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which of the following are the causes of material cost variance?
1. The buyer updates purchase-to-pay system to track payment and delivery
2. An unprocessed goods received note is missing
3. The employees must work overtime to catch up with the customers' orders
4. The purchase is made in emergency
Answer: C
Explanation:
The difference between the standard cost of direct materials specified for production and the actual cost of direct materials used in production is known as Direct Material Cost Variance. Material Cost Variance gives an idea of how much more or less cost has been incurred when compared with the standard cost. Thus, Variance Analysis is an important tool to keep a tab on the deviations from the standard set by a company.
Material Cost Variance can be due to less purchase price being paid than the standard or because of change in the quantity of material used. Thus, Material Cost Variance is made up of two components namely; Material Price Variance and Material Usage Variance.
Among the 4 options:
- 'The buyer updates purchase-to-pay system to track payment and delivery': The use of e-procurement system can increase the productivity and create labour cost variance, not material cost variance.
- 'An unprocessed goods received note is missing': If a goods received note is missing, the buyer won't pay for that batch, which create quantity variance.
- 'The employees must work overtime to catch up with the customers' orders': Overtime salary can cause labour variance, not material cost variance.
- 'The purchase is made in emergency': Normally, the price in emergency situation is higher than usual. This can cause price variance.
Reference:
- CIPS study guide page 57-59
- Material Variance | Cost, Price, Usage Variance Formula, Example - eFM (efinancemanage-ment.com) LO 1, AC 1.4
NEW QUESTION # 37
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