WGUのGlobal-Economics-for-Managers認証の最優秀問題集

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WGU Global-Economics-for-Managers Exam Syllabus Topics:

Section	Objectives
Global Economics	- Exchange rates and currency systems - International trade and comparative advantage - Global economic institutions and trade policy
Managerial Economic Decision-Making	- Cost-benefit analysis in business contexts - Risk and uncertainty in global markets
Foundations of Economics	- Scarcity, opportunity cost, and economic reasoning - Market systems and economic models
Macroeconomic Environment	- GDP, inflation, and unemployment - Fiscal and monetary policy
Microeconomics for Managers	- Elasticity and pricing decisions - Supply and demand analysis - Market structures and competition

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WGU Global Economics for Managers (C211, UZC2) 認定 Global-Economics-for-Managers 試験問題 (Q44-Q49):

質問 # 44
In an oligopoly with an initial agreement to maximize total profit, which statements might a firm motivated by self-interest likely make? (Choose THREE.)

A. "I should always cooperate, regardless of outcomes."
B. "If my fellow firms live up to the agreement, I am better off raising production."
C. "Regardless of what my fellow firms do, I am better off raising production beyond the agreed-to level."
D. "I am better off reducing output below the agreed level."
E. "If my fellow firms fail to live up to the agreement and raise production, I am better off raising production myself."

正解：B、C、E

解説：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, oligopolies often face aprisoner's dilemma, making deviation from collusive agreements individually rational. Options A, B, and C correctly reflect this logic.
If others cooperate, cheating by increasing output raises individual profit. If others cheat, matching their behavior minimizes losses. Therefore, regardless of others' actions, raising output appears optimal.
Options D and E contradict self-interested incentives.
Thus, A, B, and C correctly capture oligopolistic behavior.

質問 # 45
When supply decreases and demand stays the same, what happens to the equilibrium point of price and quantity? Choose two answers.

A. Price remains the same.
B. Price increases.
C. Quantity increases.
D. Price decreases.
E. Quantity decreases.
F. Quantity remains the same.

正解：B、E

解説：
When supply decreases while demand remains unchanged, the supply curve shifts left. At the original price, there is now less quantity supplied than quantity demanded, creating upward pressure on price. As price rises, consumers reduce quantity demanded until the market reaches a new equilibrium. Option A is correct because equilibrium price increases. Option E is correct because equilibrium quantity decreases. This result often occurs when input costs rise, production disruptions occur, regulation increases production costs, or natural disasters reduce available supply. Options B, C, D, and F contradict the standard supply-and-demand outcome. Managers must understand this relationship because supply disruptions can raise selling prices, reduce sales volume, affect inventory planning, and influence sourcing strategy. The basic result is higher price and lower quantity.

質問 # 46
Which statement is true for a monopoly firm, but not for a competitive firm?

A. The marginal revenue equals the price.
B. The firm is a price taker.
C. Economic profit is zero in the long run.
D. The marginal revenue is less than its price.

正解：D

解説：
In Global Economics for Managers , a key distinction between monopolies and perfectly competitive firms is the relationship between price and marginal revenue . For a monopoly, marginal revenue is less than price
, making option C correct.
A monopoly faces a downward-sloping demand curve , meaning that to sell an additional unit, the firm must lower the price not only for the marginal unit but also for all previous units sold. As a result, marginal revenue declines faster than price and always lies below the demand curve.
In contrast, a perfectly competitive firm is a price taker . It can sell as much output as it wants at the market price, so marginal revenue equals price.
Options A and B describe competitive firms, not monopolies. Option D is incorrect because monopolies can earn economic profits in the long run due to entry barriers.
Thus, option C correctly identifies a feature unique to monopoly firms.

質問 # 47
Institutions exist to reduce uncertainty. An institutional framework is made up of two types of systems.
What are the systems? (Choose TWO.)

A. Formal
B. Personal
C. Cognitive
D. Firm
E. Normative
F. Informal

正解：A、F

解説：
According toGlobal Economics for Managers, aninstitutional frameworkis composed offormal and informal systems, making options B (Informal) and E (Formal) correct. Institutions are the "rules of the game" that structure economic, political, and social interactions and reduce uncertainty for firms and individuals.
Formal institutionsinclude written and legally enforced rules such as constitutions, laws, regulations, contracts, and property rights. These systems are enforced by governments and legal authorities and provide predictable constraints on behavior. For managers, formal institutions define what is legally permissible and shape decisions related to investment, employment, and market entry.
Informal institutions, by contrast, consist of unwritten rules such as norms, customs, traditions, and cultural values. These systems are enforced through social approval or disapproval rather than legal sanctions.
Informal institutions often guide behavior when formal rules are weak, ambiguous, or poorly enforced.
The remaining options are not the two foundational systems identified in managerial economics. Cognitive and normative elements are sometimes discussed aspillarsof institutions, but the broad institutional framework is consistently categorized into formal and informal systems. Firm and personal systems are not institutional categories.
Global Economics for Managersstresses that managers operating globally must understand both systems, as ignoring informal rules can lead to business failure even when firms comply with formal laws. Therefore, informal and formal systems together constitute the institutional framework.

質問 # 48
The marginal revenue from producing a smartphone is $200, and the marginal cost is $150. What is the best action for the firm?

A. Decrease production
B. Exit the market altogether
C. Pause production
D. Increase production

正解：D

解説：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, profit-maximizing firms shouldincrease production when marginal revenue (MR) exceeds marginal cost (MC), making option A correct.
Here, MR = $200 and MC = $150. Since the additional revenue from producing one more unit exceeds the additional cost, producing that unit increases profit. Firms should continue increasing output until MR equals MC.
Options B, C, and D contradict the marginal decision rule. Reducing or stopping production would forgo profitable opportunities.
Thus, option A is correct.

質問 # 49
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