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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Service Mesh | 16% | - Transparent traffic encryption - Ingress and Gateway API integration - Sidecar vs sidecarless architecture |
| Topic 2: Architecture | 20% | - Cilium core architecture and components - CNI integration and kube-proxy replacement |
| Topic 3: Network Policy | 18% | - Identity-aware and L3–L7 policy models - Policy enforcement modes - Cilium vs Kubernetes network policies |
| Topic 4: eBPF | 10% | - eBPF fundamentals and relevance to Cilium - eBPF-based networking, security, and observability |
| Topic 5: Installation and Configuration | 10% | - Deployment methods (Helm, cilium-cli) - Post-install validation and connectivity testing |
| Topic 6: Network Observability | 10% | - Hubble UI and troubleshooting basics - Layer 7 visibility and flow monitoring - Hubble architecture and CLI usage |
| Topic 7: Cluster Mesh | 10% | - Cross-cluster load balancing and failover - Multi-cluster connectivity and service discovery |
| Topic 8: BGP and External Networking | 6% | - BGP peering and service advertisement - External gateway integration |
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NEW QUESTION # 15
You want to consult the current Cilium configuration using the Cilium CLI. Which command should you use?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Technical explanation
cilium config view is the Cilium CLI command intended to display the current configuration. It reads the configuration associated with the selected Kubernetes context, Cilium namespace, and Helm release and presents the relevant settings for inspection. This makes D the direct answer.
cilium status performs a different function. It reports the health and readiness of Cilium components such as the agent DaemonSet, operator, Envoy, Hubble Relay, and Cluster Mesh. Although status output may reveal a small amount of deployment information, it is not a complete configuration-viewing command.
cilium sysdump collects a comprehensive troubleshooting archive containing Kubernetes resources, component logs, command output, configuration data, and other diagnostic evidence. It is appropriate when preparing a support bundle, but it is unnecessarily broad for simply consulting the current configuration.
cilium context deals with Kubernetes context selection or inspection rather than displaying Cilium's configured values.
The Cilium CLI organizes configuration operations under the cilium config command group. Related subcommands include set , delete , and view . Because the requested action is read-only inspection of the existing settings, view is the appropriate subcommand.
Official references
Cilium CLI `config view` .
Study Guide topic: Installation and Configuration.
NEW QUESTION # 16
After enabling Layer 7 visibility, you can now observe DNS domains and FQDN in your Hubble logs, like the one below.
Nov 16 13:52:07.279: endor/xwing-9bd8f454d-m46mm:34706 (ID:3817) < > example.com:443 (ID:
16777217) Policy denied DROPPED (TCP Flags SYN)
Which of these Hubble CLI commands could have returned the output above?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Technical explanation
A is clearly the intended answer because its filters correspond to the displayed source namespace ( endor ), destination port ( 443 ), and verdict ( DROPPED ). However, it contains example.con , whereas the observed flow names example.com . Therefore, none of the options would literally return this exact flow if the FQDN filter is matched as written. The corrected command is:
hubble observe --to-fqdn example.com --from-namespace endor --to-port 443 --verdict DROPPED Option B is malformed in two additional places and filters port 80 rather than 443. Option C selects the wrong FQDN and source namespace. Option D requests forwarded flows, directly contradicting the Policy denied DROPPED verdict; its wildcard also does not repair the verdict mismatch.
Hubble's observe filters are cumulative: a returned flow must satisfy the specified destination FQDN, originating namespace, destination port, and verdict. Layer 7 visibility is enabled with a Cilium network policy containing the relevant L7 rules, which redirects selected traffic through the proxy so that application- level details can be reported.
Official references
Inspecting Network Flows with the Hubble CLI , Layer 7 Protocol Visibility Study Guide topic: Hubble flow filtering, FQDN visibility, namespaces, ports, and verdicts.
NEW QUESTION # 17
Which one of the following commands will correctly display show the Cilium configuration?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Technical explanation
cilium config view is the Cilium CLI command used to display the current Cilium configuration. It reads the configuration associated with the selected Kubernetes context, Cilium namespace, and Helm release. The command belongs to the cilium config command group, which manages installation configuration.
Option B reverses the expected command structure and does not correspond to a documented Cilium CLI operation. Option D resembles command syntax used on traditional network appliances but is not part of the Cilium CLI. Option C is both textually corrupted and conceptually inaccurate: Cilium configuration is not generally exposed through a cluster-wide resource named ciliumconfig.cilium.io . Runtime settings are commonly represented through the Cilium ConfigMap and Helm release values, while specialized resources such as CiliumNodeConfig apply targeted per-node configuration.
The wording "display show" is a source-bank editing defect but does not affect the answer. Administrators should also distinguish the external cilium management CLI from cilium-dbg , which runs with or communicates with the node-local Cilium agent and provides detailed datapath and agent diagnostics.
Official references
cilium config view , Cilium Component Overview
Study Guide topic: Cilium CLI configuration inspection and command structure.
NEW QUESTION # 18
Which of these observability features is NOT supported by Hubble?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Technical explanation
Hubble does not obtain Layer 7 protocol visibility exclusively through eBPF without a proxy. By default, Cilium's datapath exposes Layer 3 and Layer 4 flow information. To produce supported application-layer events, traffic is selected through an L7 Cilium policy and redirected to the node-local Envoy proxy. Envoy parses the application protocol and forwards access-log information that Cilium and Hubble expose as Layer
7 flow events.
The other capabilities are supported. Hubble flow records contain the observing node, and the CLI provides node-based filtering. HTTP-aware flows can contain response status codes, enabling inspection or filtering for results such as 200 and 404. Hubble also records forwarding verdicts and drop reasons. Operators can filter for DROPPED traffic and distinguish policy-denied connections from forwarded traffic and other failure conditions.
This separation is fundamental to Cilium's architecture: eBPF provides efficient kernel-level forwarding, security enforcement, and L3/L4 observability, while Envoy supplies protocol parsing when request-level context is required. The integration remains transparent to applications, but the proxy is still present in the traffic path for Layer 7 visibility.
Therefore, B describes the unsupported mechanism and is the correct answer.
Official references
Layer 7 Protocol Visibility ; Envoy ; Hubble CLI .
Study Guide topic: Network Observability.
NEW QUESTION # 19
Which one of the following Cilium Network Policies follow the correct syntax?
A)
Question 17 option A
B)
Question 17 option B
C)
Question 17 option C
D)
Question 17 option D
Answer: D
Explanation:
Technical explanation
Option D uses the correct structure for permitting egress from selected endpoints to the local host entity. The endpointSelector selects endpoints whose label env equals dev . Because the intended traffic travels from those endpoints toward the host, the policy must contain an egress rule. An egress peer is expressed through toEntities , and host is the reserved entity representing the local host, including host-networked containers on that node.
Option A is invalid because fromEntities is an ingress-oriented field and cannot express an egress destination.
Option B uses nodeSelector , which selects nodes rather than workload endpoints and is only valid for node- level rules in a CiliumClusterwideNetworkPolicy ; it is not valid in the displayed namespaced CiliumNetworkPolicy . It also combines ingress with toEntities , reversing the rule direction. Option C has a valid workload selector but again uses toEntities under ingress ; ingress rules describe sources through constructs such as fromEntities .
Applying option D places the selected endpoints into egress default-deny mode and then expressly permits traffic whose destination is the host entity. Other egress traffic must be allowed separately.
Official references
Policy Enforcement and Rule Basics ; Endpoint Lifecycle policy examples .
Study Guide topic: Network Policy.
NEW QUESTION # 20
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