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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Anesthesia | 13% | - Recovery and emergency management - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation |
| Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique - Image quality assessment and documentation - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities |
| Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis - Sample collection, handling and processing |
| Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Physical examination, patient assessment - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Infection control, sanitation, isolation |
| Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Wound management, suture materials and techniques - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique |
| Dentistry | 7% | - Dental anatomy, disease recognition - Periodontal care and patient education - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography |
| Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Multimodal analgesia protocols - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control |
| Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies |
| Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Controlled substance management - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes |
| Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Practice management, team collaboration - Client education, communication techniques - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance |
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NEW QUESTION # 784
What is muscle atrophy?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Muscle atrophy is the reduction of muscle mass due to protein wasting or lack of use. The individual muscle cells become smaller but do not reduce in total number. Muscle atrophy normally occurs when an animal is injured or has a disease that makes it difficult to use their muscles. This differs from the muscle loss that occurs as a result of aging, which is called sarcopenia. Sarcopenia involves muscle fibers decreasing in both number and size. Over time, this can affect posture control and other factors. Muscle atrophy from injury can be reversible but sarcopenia remains.
Muscle atrophy occurs when muscle mass is reduced, not when muscle mass is increased, when muscles are structured abnormally, or when muscles are located in abnormal locations.
NEW QUESTION # 785
Lyme disease is a bacterial infection that occurs when a horse is bitten by a tick of the genus Ixodes. What is the most common clinical sign associated with Lyme disease in horses?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Stiffness is the most common clinical sign associated with Lyme disease in horses. Other clinical signs include behavioral changes, fever, mild lameness in limbs, and skin hypersensitivity. Lyme disease is not easily detected, as horses do not tend to show many clinical signs.
Anemia and icterus are not clinical signs associated with Lyme disease in horses; however, they are clinical signs that are associated with anaplasmosis, another infection caused by ticks of the genus Ixodes.
Joanna M. Bassert, VMD. McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition. Pg 670.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 615-616.
NEW QUESTION # 786
You are prepping the surgical suite and patient for an exploratory and presumptive gastrotomy. An 8-MO MI Labrador ate the contents of the bathroom trashcan 60 minutes prior to presentation. The vet induced vomiting with apomorphine, and the dog vomited up most items, but something still remains. Radiographs confirm that whatever remains is still confined to the stomach.
In addition to the normal surgical pack, you also should have all of the following present and ready in case the surgeon requires it, except:
Answer: D
Explanation:
When performing a gastrotomy, you want to ensure your veterinarian has a complete sterile surgical pack appropriate for intestinal surgery. While you hope to only go into the stomach (based on radiographic findings), until the vet runs the intestines, you won't know. Having sufficient instruments at the ready is paramount to minimize anesthesia time and ensure a smooth surgery.
In addition to the routine instrument pack, one should also have:
*Balfour abdominal retractors: Self-retaining retractors are most commonly used in soft tissue surgeries. Because it has a cranial blade, in addition to helping lateralize the body walls, it can also aid in cranial retraction. This helps with the overall visualization of the surgical field.
*Sufficient sterile laparotomy sponges (as well as sterile fluid to keep them wet to protect organs as needed)
*Lavage fluid for flushing the stomach +/- abdomen if peritoneal contamination is suspected
*Suction
Army-Navy (or just called Army) retractors are handheld retractors that are double-ended. The blades are different lengths on either side. Because it lacks teeth, it is atraumatic save for too much pressure if excess force is applied. These are used for the retraction of muscle, skin, or fat. Usually, this type of retractor isn't necessary for a routine gastrotomy. Still, it is something you may need handy for a GDV and gastropexy surgery.
NEW QUESTION # 787
Which of the following identifies a primary benefit of local anesthetic drugs in pain management?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Local anesthetic drugs are effective, relatively inexpensive, and can be used safely in most animals. They can reduce the dosing needs of other medications that have more adverse effects. Examples include lidocaine, mepivacaine, and bupivacaine.
Local anesthetic drugs do not directly improve joint health or have sedative side effects, and they sting on administration, so continued use of injectable nerve blocks is limited.
NEW QUESTION # 788
Which diagnostic imaging modality involves injecting radioactive substances into the body?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Nuclear medicine includes diagnostic (nuclear scintigraphy) and therapeutic (radiopharmaceutical) procedures. Both involve the administration of radioactive material (also called radionuclides or radioisotopes) in injectable, rectal, or aerosol (inhalation) formulations.
Radiography and computed tomography expose patients to radiation through external beams from radiation sources generated in the machines. Ultrasonography does not involve radiation exposure. The images are generated by sound waves.
NEW QUESTION # 789
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