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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Topic 2: Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Topic 3: Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
| Topic 4: Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Topic 5: Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
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질문 # 262
How does the use of new technologies such as big data impact auditing?
정답：A
설명：
The use of new technologies such as big data presents new challenges in auditing, particularly the issue of combining structured and unstructured data. Big data environments often include diverse data sets that auditors need to understand and interpret, which requires new skills and approaches to ensure effective and comprehensive audit coverage.
질문 # 263
Objectives, criteria, and scope are critical features of a third-party ISMS audit. Which two issues are audit objectives?
정답：B,C
설명：
Audit objectives are the specific purposes or goals that the customer or the certification body wants to achieve through the audit. They define what the audit intends to accomplish and provide the basis for planning and conducting the audit. Audit objectives may vary depending on the type, scope, and criteria of the audit, but they should be clear, measurable, and achievable.
Some examples of audit objectives for a third-party ISMS audit are:
Assess conformity with ISO/IEC 27001 requirements: This objective means that the audit aims to verify that the organisation's ISMS meets the requirements of the ISO/IEC 27001 standard, which specifies the best practices for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and improving an information security management system. The audit will evaluate the organisation's ISMS documentation, processes, controls, and performance against the standard's clauses and annex A controls.
Confirm sites operating the ISMS: This objective means that the audit aims to confirm that the organisation's ISMS covers all the relevant sites or locations where the organisation operates or provides its services. The audit will verify that the scope of the ISMS is accurate and consistent with the organisation's context, objectives, and risks.
The other phrases are not audit objectives, but rather:
Evaluate customer processes and functions: This is not an audit objective, but rather a possible audit criterion or a requirement that the organisation's processes and functions should meet. The audit criterion is the reference against which the audit evidence is compared to determine conformity or nonconformity. The audit criterion may include ISO/IEC 27001 requirements, customer requirements, or other applicable standards or regulations.
Fulfil the audit plan: This is not an audit objective, but rather a task or an activity that the auditor performs during the audit. The audit plan is a document that describes the arrangements and details of the audit, such as the objectives, scope, criteria, schedule, roles, and responsibilities. The auditor should follow and fulfil the audit plan to ensure that the audit is conducted effectively and efficiently.
Determine the scope of the ISMS: This is not an audit objective, but rather a prerequisite or an input for conducting the audit. The scope of the ISMS is the extent and boundaries of the information security management system within the organisation. It defines what processes, activities, locations, assets, and stakeholders are included or excluded from the ISMS. The scope of the ISMS should be determined by the organisation before applying for certification or undergoing an audit.
Review organisation efficiency: This is not an audit objective, but rather a possible outcome or a result of conducting an audit. The organisation efficiency is a measure of how well the organisation uses its resources to achieve its goals and objectives. The audit may help review and improve the organisation efficiency by identifying strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in its information security management system.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) objectives and content from Quality.org and PECB ISO 19011:2018 Guidelines for auditing management systems [Section 5.3.1]
질문 # 264
The following are the guidelines to protect your password, except:
정답：A,B
설명：
The following are guidelines to protect your password, except for easy recall use the same password for company and personal accounts; do not share passwords with anyone. Using the same password for company and personal accounts is not a guideline to protect your password, as it increases the risk of compromising your password if one of your accounts is hacked or breached. You should use different and unique passwords for each account, and change them regularly. Sharing passwords with anyone is not a guideline to protect your password, as it reduces the security and accountability of your password. You should keep your password confidential and never disclose it to anyone, even if they claim to be authorized or trustworthy. Don't use the same password for various company system security access is a guideline to protect your password, as it prevents unauthorized access or misuse of your password if one of the systems is compromised or breached. You should use different and complex passwords for each system, and follow the password policies and standards of the organization. Change a temporary password on first log-on is a guideline to protect your password, as it prevents unauthorized access or misuse of your password if the temporary password is intercepted or leaked. You should change the temporary password to a personal and secure password as soon as possible, and avoid using default or predictable passwords. Reference: : CQI & IRCA ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Course Handbook, page 43. : [ISO/IEC 27001 LEAD AUDITOR - PECB], page 15.
질문 # 265
Question
Which statement below best describes the relationship between information security elements?
정답：B
설명：
The most accurate description of the relationship between information security elements is that threats exploit vulnerabilities to damage or destroy assets. This relationship forms the foundational model used in information security risk management, including ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
In this model, assets are anything of value to the organization, such as information, systems, services, or people. Vulnerabilities are weaknesses or gaps in protection that could be exploited. Threats are potential causes of an unwanted incident, such as malicious actors, malware, system failures, or human error. A risk materializes when a threat successfully exploits a vulnerability, leading to an impact on an asset.
Option A correctly captures this causal chain and reflects the risk assessment logic required by ISO/IEC
27001 clause 6.1.2, which requires organizations to identify threats, vulnerabilities, and impacts in combination.
Option B is incorrect because controls do not reduce threats directly; they primarily reduce vulnerabilities or mitigate impacts. Threats often exist outside the organization's control. Option C is also incorrect because risk is not solely a function of vulnerabilities; it is typically a combination of threats, vulnerabilities, likelihood, and impact.
Therefore, option A best represents the correct and complete relationship among the core information security elements.
질문 # 266
Which of the following is an information security management system standard published by the International Organization for Standardization?
정답：A
설명：
Explanation
ISO/IEC 27001:2022 is an information security management system standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). It specifies the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining and continually improving an information security management system within the context of the organization. It also includes requirements for the assessment and treatment of information security risks tailored to the needs of the organization. The standard is intended to be applicable to all organizations, regardless of type, size or nature. ISO/IEC 27001:2022 is part of the ISO/IEC 27000 family of standards, which provide a comprehensive framework for information security management. References: [CQI & IRCA Certified ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Training Course], ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, ISO/IEC 27000 family - Information security management systems
질문 # 267
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