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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Dentistry | 8% | - Dental Procedures
|
| Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Patient Care
|
| Pain Management and Analgesia | 7% | - Pain Control
|
| Anesthesia | 15% | - Anesthetic Procedures
|
| Laboratory Procedures | 12% | - Diagnostic Testing
|
| Surgical Nursing | 11% | - Perioperative Procedures
|
| Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 12% | - Medication Preparation
|
| Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | 8% | - Emergency Procedures
|
| Diagnostic Imaging | 7% | - Imaging Techniques
|
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NEW QUESTION # 115
Which of the following does not play a role in patient preparation nor aid in good image production with ultrasound when evaluating the urinary tract system?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Fur or hair traps air, and since air reflects the beam before reaching the pet, the image quality is poor. We want to ideally shave a patient prior to imaging and use alcohol or ultrasound gel to improve the conduction of the sound waves. Dirt can impede the beam and also decrease image quality. Finally, suppose a patient is too hyper or stressed or aggressive, or simply moving too much. In that case, we may need to calm them down and administer pain meds or a combination thereof to ensure patient safety, patient comfort, and technician and ultrasonographer safety.
However, suppose we are imaging the urinary bladder and related structures. In that case, we do not want the pet to urinate before evaluation. The presence of urine in the bladder helps provide contrast between the hypoechoic urine (fluid) and its structures. If the patient were to urinate, the bladder would no longer be fluid-filled. This may make identifying the structure, no longer anechoic, difficult.
NEW QUESTION # 116
If a baby pig is infected by the pseudorabies virus, which of the following could occur?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Pseudorabies is caused by a herpesvirus. If a baby pig is infected by the pseudorabies virus, it could develop neurologic signs and may be fatal. They may also develop vomiting and/or diarrhea. Older pigs may show signs of fever, cough, or pneumonia. The pseudorabies virus is a multisystemic disease commonly known as Aujeszky disease or mad itch.
Flu-like clinical signs and pneumonia could occur in growing pigs infected by the pseudorabies virus. Reproductive problems may develop in adult pigs infected by the pseudorabies virus.
NEW QUESTION # 117
One milliliter is equal to how many cubic centimeters?
Answer: D
Explanation:
One mL is equal to one cubic centimeter (cc). These two units of measurement are often used interchangeably in veterinary medicine.
NEW QUESTION # 118
You are setting up the dental room for your first dentistry patient this morning. You know that the pet has grade 2 periodontal disease and gingival hyperplasi a. You want to ensure you have all the equipment you and your veterinarian need before starting the procedure.
You know that gingival hyperplasia will require what procedure to correct the problem?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Gingivectomy is the surgical removal of excess gingiva. Gingival hyperplasia can result from genetic predispositions and chronic inflammation in the mouth. Additionally, some medications predispose patients to this condition. The gingiva thickens, and excess growth occurs. Subsequent inflammation from plaque that accumulates underneath and around the gum continues the process and worsens the disease. It creates pseudopockets, trapping food, fur, and other foreign debris. This perpetuates the cycle and increases the risk of periodontal disease. Treatment involves the means to remove the gingiva and can include:
*The use of an 11, 12, or 15 surgical blade
*The use of diamond burs
*The use of periodontal knives
*Or laser or electrosurgery
Doxycycline gel is an antibiotic gel that can be placed in a periodontal pocket 4 mm or deeper, freshly debrided. This product uses an antibiotic and polymer to create a gel. It has anti-inflammatory effects that will also benefit the mouth's healing process. The actual fact that the gel physically occupies space helps prevent debris and food from refilling the area. Other products with different antibiotics can also be used.
Gingival hyperplasia does contribute to inflammation and can trap bacteria under the overgrown areas of the gingiva. As a result, teeth underneath may be diseased enough to warrant extraction. However, while extractions may be necessary to treat the overall oral disease, they will not correct the hyperplasia issue.
Periodontal debridement refers to non-surgical instrumentation that removes hard and soft deposits from the sub- and supragingival surfaces of teeth and includes disrupting the bacteria not adhered to the tooth sulcus. The goal here is to prevent further infection and healthen the oral cavity. It will not address gingival hyperplasia but will be necessary as part of the complete therapy for this patient.
NEW QUESTION # 119
Quality assurance (QA) and Quality Control (QC) combine with equipment calibration to ensure that test results remain reliable and diagnostic. Which of the following does not describe a QC practice?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Quality assurance (QA) involves minimizing errors in all stages of sample testing, from pre-analytic to analytic to post-analytic phases.
A quality control (QC) program helps detect problems before a test result is reported. Quality control (QC) refers to techniques that test the instrumentation, the ability of personnel to perform tests, and the actual diagnostic test kits. The goal of this testing is to maintain result reliability.
It is a technician's job to recognize when laboratory systems are malfunctioning and know what measures to take to correct the issue. Improper storage and handling of reagents or using expired reagents, for example, can affect quality control.
For maintaining proper QC, technicians need to:
*Always maintain detailed maintenance records of all equipment
*Ensure a standard operating procedure (SOP) for each piece of equipment used for laboratory testing
*Date any reagents, calibrators, and controls when reconstituted and first opened. Ensure they are appropriately stored according to the manufacturer's specifications.
*Discard items safely on the expiration dates. They are not sell-by-dates; they are actual expiration dates. Using them after that time could negatively affect test results.
Quality controls may be internal: those built into the diagnostic kits or machines; or they may be external: performed by veterinary personnel outside the unit or kit. These external controls are commercially prepared and test all stages of the procedure for that specific test. Examples include hematology control fluids for machines and urine control fluids for dipstick analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 120
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