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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Supplier Relationships and Performance | - Supplier relationship management
|
| Procurement Technology and Innovation | - Digital procurement tools
|
| Procurement Process and Sourcing | - Supplier selection and evaluation
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| Contracting and Legal Principles | - Contract management
|
| Procurement and Supply Context | - Role of procurement in organisations
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| Risk, Ethics and Sustainability | - Ethical and sustainable procurement
|
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問題 #134
What is the retention of title clause also known as?
答案：
解題說明：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Retention of title (ROT) states when ownership transfers from supplier to buyer.
The retention of title terms also referred to as the Romalpa clause, which is related to a legal case from 1976 between Aluminum industries Vaassen BV and Romalpa Aluminum LTD
問題 #135
Create a list of tangible, intangible, direct and indirect needs within an organization with which you are familiar.
答案：
解題說明：
Tangible costs are the cost an organization incur acquiring items that can be physically touched and or seen.
Examples includes; 1) Capital Purchase 2) Raw materials 3) Sundry items 4) Vehi-cles/transport 5) Utilities Intangible costs are the cost an organization incurs acquiring something that cannot be physically seen or touched. Examples include; 1) Insurance 2) Marketing 3) Research and development 4) Salaries and/pension
5) Services 6) Training.
Direct costs - These are costs that an organization incurs acquiring product and services directly attributable
/traceable to its production, for example, the cost of labour and materials directly uses to produce the goods
/services which the organization sells. In the case of buying and running a Lorry for transport fleet, this would be 1) total cost of acquiring the lorry,) Tooling 3) Operation.
Indirect cost - These are costs that are not directly associated to production, for example, materials and services not used in production, labour/ staff cost not directly attributed to production, such as management, sales and marking, ICT support, rents. In the case of buying and running a Lorry for transport fleet. Examples are; 1) Insurance 2) Disposal.
* Go back to the question column and study the Questions and response
問題 #136
What are the four methods that can be used to try to resolve dispute?
答案：
解題說明：
Conflict or dispute is the final area a procurement professional considers when creating terms for a contract with a supplier. If conflict or dispute arises, there must be a process put in place in the contract to try to resolve it and these includes; a) Negotiation, b) mediation, c) arbitration and d) litigation.
Negotiation is usually carried out between senior people within organization that are in conflict, if they cannot reach an agreement through negotiation, mediation is the next stage, mediation is when a third party tries to help find a resolution among the parties in dispute. If mediation fails arbitration can start, arbitration involve independent professionals (arbitrators) working with all the party to try to reach an agreement. Parties do not have a formal or legal obligation to follow the arbitrator's recommendation. Arbitration is expensive. If arbitration fails to resolve the conflict, the final stage is litigation, litigation takes time and money, and most people avoid it. It is a legal process where a court decides on the outcome of the dispute. The judge's ruling is final.
* Refer to the question column for response
問題 #137
Explain why risk should be evaluated prior to the disposal of any assets.
答案：
解題說明：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Disposal of an asset is the final stage in the decommissioning process of a fixed asset.
When a fixed asset reaches the end of its useful or cost effective life time within an organization, the decision is made as to whether it should be removed from the premises or disposed off.
The process of disposing an asset cannot be without its risk, for example there could be pollution in the community, waste or hazardous materials that could affect the underground water or humans around.
These risks should be identified, evaluated to come up with a response strategy on how to avoid or mitigate them causing damage to human, property, business and the environment.
問題 #138
What is needed for a contract to be binding?
答案：
解題說明：
A contract is written or verbal agreement, made between two or more parties that is legally enforceable. For a contract to be legally binding it must include intention of parties entering into the contracts. All parties must have the capacity to contract or be contracted. They must be of a sound mind, there should be a promise (offer) for performance from the other party and an exchange (consideration) of one thing for another within an agreement for contract to be binding, and there must be an acceptance of the offeror's offer by the offeree.
問題 #139
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