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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Business Acumen and Global Business Environment | - Business strategies and objectives alignment - Organizational structure and business processes - Global business environment and market influences |
| Information Technology and Business Systems | - Information systems and data governance - IT controls and cybersecurity fundamentals - System development lifecycle concepts |
| Information Security and Business Continuity | - Business continuity and disaster recovery - Data protection and privacy considerations - Information security management principles |
| Financial Management | - Budgeting and cost control - Financial statements and reporting basics - Managerial accounting concepts |
| Risk Management and Regulatory Environment | - Compliance and regulatory frameworks - Enterprise risk management (ERM) principles - Internal controls and governance concepts |
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NEW QUESTION # 45
An internal auditor has been asked to conduct an investigation involving allegations of independent contractor fraud. Which of the following controls would be least effective in detecting any potential fraudulent activity?
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which of the following measures would best protect an organization from automated attacks whereby the attacker attempts to identify weak or leaked passwords in order to log into employees' accounts?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Automated attacks that attempt to exploit weak or leaked passwords-such as credential stuffing, brute force attacks, and dictionary attacks-pose a significant cybersecurity risk. Implementing two-step verification (also known as multi-factor authentication, or MFA) is one of the most effective measures to mitigate these threats.
Why Two-Step Verification is Effective (B - Correct Answer)
Multi-factor authentication (MFA) adds an additional security layer beyond a password, requiring a second factor such as a one-time code sent to a mobile device, biometric authentication, or a security key.
Even if an attacker obtains a password, they cannot access the account without the second authentication factor.
The IIA Global Technology Audit Guide (GTAG) 1: Information Security Management emphasizes the use of multi-factor authentication to prevent unauthorized access.
Why Other Options Are Less Effective:
Option A: Changing passwords every two years
Ineffective because attackers often use compromised credentials that may be recent. Best practices recommend regular password updates but coupled with MFA.
The IIA's GTAG 16: Identity and Access Management highlights that password rotation alone does not fully protect against automated attacks.
Option C: Using a VPN when out of the office
Irrelevant to password attacks. A VPN encrypts data and secures network connections but does not prevent brute force or credential stuffing attacks.
The IIA GTAG 17: Auditing Network Security discusses VPNs for secure remote access but does not consider them a solution for password-based attacks.
Option D: Using antivirus and security tools
While important for overall security, these tools cannot prevent attacks that exploit stolen or weak passwords.
The IIA GTAG 15: Information Security Governance states that security tools should be combined with authentication controls like MFA for best protection.
GTAG 1: Information Security Management - Recommends multi-factor authentication to prevent unauthorized system access.
GTAG 16: Identity and Access Management - Highlights the limitations of password-only security and supports multi-factor authentication.
GTAG 17: Auditing Network Security - Covers VPN usage but does not consider it a solution for password attacks.
GTAG 15: Information Security Governance - Discusses the role of security tools and authentication in securing user accounts.
Step-by-Step Explanation:IIA References for Validation:Thus, requiring two-step verification (B) is the most effective control against automated password attacks.
NEW QUESTION # 47
The internal audit activity completed an initial risk analysis of the organization ' s data storage center and found several areas of concern. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
Answer: C
Explanation:
After an initial risk analysis identifies areas of concern, the next appropriate step is risk assessment. Risk assessment evaluates the significance of identified risks by considering likelihood, impact, control effectiveness, vulnerability, and priority. Risk identification has already occurred because several areas of concern were found. Identification of context normally occurs earlier, when the auditor or risk team defines objectives, scope, environment, criteria, and risk appetite. Risk response comes after assessment because management must understand the severity and priority of risks before deciding whether to accept, reduce, avoid, or share them. In internal audit planning, this sequence is critical because audit resources should be focused on higher-risk areas. Therefore, after initial risk analysis, the most appropriate next step is risk assessment, Option D.
NEW QUESTION # 48
Control objectives regarding effectiveness and efficiency, reliability, and compliance are the basis of which control framework?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Probably the most well-known control framework in the U.S. is Infernal Control Integrated Framework, published in 1992 by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The document is commonly referred to as the COSO Framework." The COSO Framework defines internal control as A process, effected by an organization's board of directors, management, and other personnel, designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the achievement of objectives in the following categories:
Effectiveness and efficiency of operations
Reliability of financial reporting
Compliance with applicable laws and regulations
NEW QUESTION # 49
A desired result of the sharing of information by all functions and organizations in the supply chain is:
Answer: B
Explanation:
Sharing information about sales, inventory, pricing, advertising campaigns, and sales forecasts by all functions and organizations in the supply chain moderates demand uncertainty for all parties. The desired results are a) minimization of inventories held by suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers; b) avoidance of stackouts; c) fewer rush orders; and d) production as needed by retailers.
NEW QUESTION # 50
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