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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Cluster Setup | 10% | - Use role-based access control (RBAC) to minimize exposure - Understand the security implications of embedding cloud provider flags - Manage sensitive information in clusters - Use Cis benchmarks to check Kubernetes cluster settings - Configure TLS certificates and minimum version for etcd - Implement Pod-to-Pod encryption using mTLS or WireGuard - Use Pod Security Policies to control security-related pod behaviors |
| Minimize Microservice Vulnerabilities | 20% | - Use OPA Gatekeeper to enforce security controls - Use PSP to enforce security controls - Set appropriate security contexts for pods and containers - Configure network policies for namespace isolation - Understand the principle of immutable containers - Use AppArmor or seccomp profiles to constrain container behavior |
| Supply Chain Security | 20% | - Understand the container build process - Minimize base image footprint - Understand the software supply chain best practices - Understand image security scanning and its workflow - Use distroless images for static workload - Use static analysis tools to detect vulnerabilities - Use image admission controllers to prevent use of untrusted images - Sign container images and verify signatures |
| Cluster Hardening | 15% | - Minimize admission of containers without seccomp profiles - Minimize admission of privileged containers - Minimize admission of containers without AppArmor profile - Minimize admission of containers with FlexVolume volumes - Minimize admission of containers with sharing the host network namespace - Minimize admission of containers with raw block devices - Minimize admission of containers with added capabilities - Minimize admission of containers with allowPrivilegeEscalation - Minimize admission of containers with hostPath volumes - Minimize admission of containers with capabilities assigned - Minimize admission of containers without a security context - Minimize admission of containers that allow host namespaces - Minimize admission of containers with sharing the host process namespace - Minimize admission of containers with sharing the host IPC namespace |
| System Hardening | 15% | - Modify host components to improve security - Kernel defaults and parameters using sysctl - Enable audit logging - Understand the concept of OPA (Open Policy Agent) and Gatekeeper |
| Monitoring, Logging, and Runtime Security | 20% | - Falco - container security monitoring and threat detection - Detect threats at the container level - Understand and monitor network traffic - Minimize the attack surface using container health indicators - Perform behavioral analytics to detect malicious activity - Audit and detect logs and events for anomalies |
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NEW QUESTION # 36
SIMULATION
Given an existing Pod named test-web-pod running in the namespace test-system Edit the existing Role bound to the Pod's Service Account named sa-backend to only allow performing get operations on endpoints.
Create a new Role named test-system-role-2 in the namespace test-system, which can perform patch operations, on resources of type statefulsets.
Create a new RoleBinding named test-system-role-2-binding binding the newly created Role to the Pod's ServiceAccount sa-backend.
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 37
SIMULATION
use the Trivy to scan the following images,
1. amazonlinux:1
2. k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.18.6
Look for images with HIGH or CRITICAL severity vulnerabilities and store the output of the same in /opt/trivy-vulnerable.txt
Answer:
Explanation:
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NEW QUESTION # 38
SIMULATION
Using the runtime detection tool Falco, Analyse the container behavior for at least 30 seconds, using filters that detect newly spawning and executing processes store the incident file art /opt/falco-incident.txt, containing the detected incidents. one per line, in the format
[timestamp],[uid],[user-name],[processName]
Answer: A
NEW QUESTION # 39
You are running a multi-tenant Kubernetes cluster where different teams manage their own applications. You want to ensure that each team's applications are isolated from each other to prevent potential security risks.
How would you use Network Policies to achieve this isolation?
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Create separate namespaces for each team: This is the foundation for network isolation.
2. Define Network Policies for each namespace:
Restrict inbound traffic: Only allow specific protocols and ports from trusted sources to access the namespace.
Control outbound traffic: Limit outbound connections from pods within the namespace to specific destinations.
Example Network Policy (ingress):
3. Apply the Network Policies: bash kubectl apply -f team-a-ingress-yaml kubectl apply -f team-b-ingress.yaml # Apply policies for other namespaces Example Scenario: Team A: Runs a web application accessible only from within its namespace. Team B: Runs a database service that can be accessed by Team A's application but not by other teams. Network Policies: Team A Network Policy: Ingress: Only allow traffic from Team B's database service- Egress Allow outbound traffic to the internet for updates and dependencies. Team B Network Policy: Ingress: Allow traffic from Team A's web application Egress Limit outbound traffic to specific servers for backups and maintenance. Note: Network Policies are a powerful tool for achieving network isolation in Kubernetes. They allow you to fine-tune the communication patterns between pods and namespaces, enhancing security and mitigating potential risks.
NEW QUESTION # 40
You are running a Kubernetes cluster with a variety of workloads. One of your applications is a database that stores sensitive customer data- To enhance security, you need to implement network policies to limit the network traffic to and from this database pod. Specifically, you want to only allow access to the database from your application pods and deny all other traffic.
Create a NetworkPolicy that accomplishes this objective.
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Define the NetworkPolicy:
- Create a NetworkPoIicy YAML file.
- Define the policy name and target pods.
- Specify the ingress and egress rules.
- Example:
2. Apply the NetworkPolicy: - IJse ' kubectl apply -f database-policy-yamp to apply the policy. 3. Verification: - Verity that the NetworkPolicy is applied successfully- - Use 'kubectl get networkpolicies' to list the existing policies. 4. Test the Policy: - Attempt to access the database pod from a pod outside of the 'application' label. - The access should be denied due to the NetworkPolicy.
NEW QUESTION # 41
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