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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Secondary Assessment | 5–9% | - Symptom assessment and history taking - Focused history and physical exam - Vital signs and monitoring |
| Topic 2: Patient Treatment and Transport | 20–24% | - Patient packaging and transport procedures - Medical and trauma care interventions - Medication administration and protocols - Communication with receiving facilities |
| Topic 3: Primary Assessment | 39–43% | - Identification and management of life-threatening conditions - Initial patient assessment - Airway, breathing, and circulation management - General patient impression and priority determination |
| Topic 4: EMS Operations | 10–14% | - EMS system roles and responsibilities - Incident command and multiple-casualty situations - Documentation and legal aspects - Emergency vehicle operations and safety |
| Topic 5: Scene Size-Up and Safety | 15–19% | - Hazard recognition and management - Mechanism of injury / nature of illness - Scene assessment and safety protocols |
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NEW QUESTION # 27
A 3-year-old patient has drooling and stridor. The vital signs are BP 82/40, P 132, R 34, SpO# 94%, and T
102.4°F (39.1°C). Which of the following interventions should the EMT perform?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is D. Apply humidified oxygen.
This patient presentation is highly suggestive of epiglottitis, a life-threatening upper airway infection commonly seen in pediatric patients.
Key findings:
* Drooling # inability to swallow secretions
* Stridor # upper airway obstruction
* Fever (102.4°F) # infection
* Anxiety and tachycardia # respiratory distress
Why D is correct:
* The priority is to maintain airway patency without agitating the child.
* Humidified oxygen helps improve oxygenation while minimizing airway irritation.
* It is the safest initial intervention in suspected epiglottitis.
Why the other options are incorrect:
* A. Visualize the airway # Can trigger complete airway obstruction due to swelling
* B. Suction posterior pharynx # May stimulate gag reflex and worsen obstruction
* C. Insert oropharyngeal airway # Contraindicated in conscious or semi-conscious patients and may cause airway collapse Exact Extracts:
* "Do not attempt to visualize the airway in suspected epiglottitis."
* "Avoid any procedure that may agitate the child and cause airway obstruction."
* "Provide humidified oxygen and transport promptly."
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Airway, Respiration & Ventilation (Pediatric Airway) National EMS Education Standards - Pediatric Respiratory Emergencies NREMT Candidate Handbook - Airway Management
NEW QUESTION # 28
An incomplete patient care report suggests
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is B because in EMS, the patient care report is the official record of the assessment, treatment, and transport decision-making provided to the patient. Authoritative EMS documentation guidance explains that the PCR is essential to communicate patient assessment and treatment and to support ongoing care; if it is incomplete, it suggests the care itself may not have been thorough or cannot be shown to have been thorough. In EMS practice, incomplete documentation is commonly treated as incomplete patient care documentation, which reflects poorly on the thoroughness of care. ( NCBI )
NEW QUESTION # 29
An 18-month-old patient has had a fever and cough for the past week and is now having difficulty breathing.
The patient has coarse crackles in their right lower lung. Which of the following conditions should the EMT most strongly suspect as the cause of the patient ' s signs and symptoms?
Answer: A
Explanation:
This presentation fits pneumonia best. The clue that points most strongly in that direction is the combination of fever + cough + breathing difficulty + focal crackles in one lower lung field . In young children, pneumonia commonly causes cough, fever, and trouble breathing , and focal crackles or other localized lung findings increase suspicion for a lower respiratory infection involving the lung tissue itself. ( CDC ) A quick way to think about it in EMT terms is this: upper-airway illnesses such as croup or epiglottitis usually point you toward sounds like stridor and obvious upper-airway involvement, while this question gives a localized lower-lung finding in the right lower lung , which is much more consistent with pneumonia. ( Merck Manuals )
NEW QUESTION # 30
A 38-year-old pregnant female presents with acute dyspnea, hypotension, and swelling of her right leg. You should suspect:
Answer: D
Explanation:
The correct answer is A. Pulmonary embolism.
This patient presents with a classic triad suggestive of pulmonary embolism (PE):
* Acute dyspnea
* Hypotension
* Unilateral leg swelling (right leg)
In pregnancy, patients are at increased risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) due to:
* Hypercoagulable state
* Venous stasis
* Vascular changes
A clot from the leg (DVT) can dislodge and travel to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism.
Why A is correct (Pulmonary embolism):
NREMT-aligned medical guidance emphasizes:
* "Pulmonary embolism should be suspected in patients with sudden dyspnea and signs of DVT."
* "Unilateral leg swelling is a key indicator of possible deep vein thrombosis." Hypotension suggests a massive PE, which is life-threatening.
Why the other options are incorrect:
* B. Congestive heart failure: Typically presents with bilateral edema and gradual onset dyspnea, not sudden symptoms with unilateral leg swelling.
* C. Ruptured ectopic pregnancy: Causes abdominal pain and internal bleeding, not isolated dyspnea and leg swelling.
* D. Preeclampsia: Characterized by hypertension, not hypotension, and usually includes edema and proteinuria but not acute dyspnea from embolism.
Exact Extracts:
* "Pulmonary embolism presents with sudden shortness of breath and may include hypotension."
* "Unilateral leg swelling suggests deep vein thrombosis."
* "Pregnancy increases the risk of thromboembolic events."
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Medical Emergencies (Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders) NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) - Medical Emergencies Prehospital Emergency Care (EMT) - Thromboembolic Disorders
NEW QUESTION # 31
A 45-year-old male is lying unresponsive on the floor. He is cyanotic with shallow respirations. After opening his airway, you should
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the primary assessment of an unresponsive adult, after opening the airway, the next step is to determine whether the patient has a pulse while assessing breathing status. Current AHA BLS guidance for healthcare providers states that for an unresponsive adult you should look for no breathing or only abnormal breathing and check the pulse simultaneously within 10 seconds .
Why B is correct:
This patient is unresponsive and has shallow respirations , which means breathing is inadequate, but you still must determine whether he has a pulse before choosing the next intervention pathway. If a pulse is present with inadequate breathing, you provide ventilatory support. If no pulse is present, you begin CPR and use the AED as soon as available. That is why assessing the carotid pulse is the best next step after opening the airway. The national EMT curriculum also identifies pulse assessment and distinguishing adequate versus inadequate breathing as core parts of the initial assessment.
Why the other options are wrong:
A). assist his breathing with a BVM - this may be needed very soon, but first you must determine whether the patient has a pulse so you know whether to provide ventilations alone or start full cardiac arrest management.
C). administer oxygen by non-rebreather mask - a non-rebreather mask is for a patient who is breathing adequately on their own. This patient has shallow, inadequate respirations , so simply placing a mask is not the next best step.
D). attach the AED and analyze his rhythm - AED use is indicated after identifying that the patient is pulseless or in cardiac arrest. Pulse assessment comes before that decision
NEW QUESTION # 32
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