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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Protect sensitive data - Implement access control and authentication
|
| Topic 2: Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Transform and enrich data
|
| Topic 3: Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Monitor and troubleshoot data pipelines
- Ensure reliability and scalability - Backup, restore, and disaster recovery |
| Topic 4: Data Store Management | 26% | - Optimize storage performance and cost - Manage data lifecycle and storage tiers - Design and implement data storage solutions
|
>> Data-Engineer-Associate Exam Questions <<
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NEW QUESTION # 73
A company uses AWS Glue jobs to implement several data pipelines. The pipelines are critical to the company.
The company needs to implement a monitoring mechanism that will alert stakeholders if the pipelines fail.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Creating an EventBridge rule that triggers a Lambda function on AWS Glue job failure events and then sends notifications via Amazon SNS is the most direct and operationally efficient method:
"Practice Quiz 10: A data engineer must monitor the data pipeline... Which solution will meet these requirements?
A). Inspect the job run monitoring section of the AWS Glue console.answer: A."
- Ace the AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate Certification - version 2 - apple.pdf Although this reference directly supports using AWS Glue's monitoring features via EventBridge, it implies that solutions like A-which directly use EventBridge failure events for automation-are more optimal and less complex than constructing custom logs and metrics.
NEW QUESTION # 74
A company's data engineer needs to optimize the performance of table SQL queries. The company stores data in an Amazon Redshift cluster. The data engineer cannot increase the size of the cluster because of budget constraints.
The company stores the data in multiple tables and loads the data by using the EVEN distribution style. Some tables are hundreds of gigabytes in size. Other tables are less than 10 MB in size.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
This solution meets the requirements of optimizing the performance of table SQL queries without increasing the size of the cluster. By using the ALL distribution style for rarely updated small tables, you can ensure that the entire table is copied to every node in the cluster, which eliminates the need for data redistribution during joins. This can improve query performance significantly, especially for frequently joined dimension tables.
However, using the ALL distribution style also increases the storage space and the load time, so it is only suitable for small tables that are not updated frequently or extensively. By specifying primary and foreign keys for all tables, you can help the query optimizer to generate better query plans and avoid unnecessary scans or joins. You can also use the AUTO distribution style to let Amazon Redshift choose the optimal distribution style based on the table size and the query patterns. References:
* Choose the best distribution style
* Distribution styles
* Working with data distribution styles
NEW QUESTION # 75
A company is building an analytics solution. The solution uses Amazon S3 for data lake storage and Amazon Redshift for a data warehouse. The company wants to use Amazon Redshift Spectrum to query the data that is in Amazon S3.
Which actions will provide the FASTEST queries? (Choose two.)
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
Amazon Redshift Spectrum is a feature that allows you to run SQL queries directly against data in Amazon S3, without loading or transforming the data. Redshift Spectrum can query various data formats, such as CSV, JSON, ORC, Avro, and Parquet. However, not all data formats are equally efficient for querying. Some data formats, such as CSV and JSON, are row-oriented, meaning that they store data as a sequence of records, each with the same fields. Row-oriented formats are suitable for loading and exporting data, but they are not optimal for analytical queries that often access only a subset of columns. Row-oriented formats also do not support compression or encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
On the other hand, some data formats, such as ORC and Parquet, are column-oriented, meaning that they store data as a collection of columns, each with a specific data type. Column-oriented formats are ideal for analytical queries that often filter, aggregate, or join data by columns. Column-oriented formats also support compression and encoding techniques that can reduce the data size and improve the query performance. For example, Parquet supports dictionary encoding, which replaces repeated values with numeric codes, and run-length encoding, which replaces consecutive identical values with a single value and a count. Parquet also supports various compression algorithms, such as Snappy, GZIP, and ZSTD, that can further reduce the data size and improve the query performance.
Therefore, using a columnar storage file format, such as Parquet, will provide faster queries, as it allows Redshift Spectrum to scan only the relevant columns and skip the rest, reducing the amount of data read from S3. Additionally, partitioning the data based on the most common query predicates, such as date, time, region, etc., will provide faster queries, as it allows Redshift Spectrum to prune the partitions that do not match the query criteria, reducing the amount of data scanned from S3. Partitioning also improves the performance of joins and aggregations, as it reduces data skew and shuffling.
The other options are not as effective as using a columnar storage file format and partitioning the data. Using gzip compression to compress individual files to sizes that are between 1 GB and 5 GB will reduce the data size, but it will not improve the query performance significantly, as gzip is not a splittable compression algorithm and requires decompression before reading. Splitting the data into files that are less than 10 KB will increase the number of files and the metadata overhead, which will degrade the query performance. Using file formats that are not supported by Redshift Spectrum, such as XML, will not work, as Redshift Spectrum will not be able to read or parse the data. Reference:
Amazon Redshift Spectrum
Choosing the Right Data Format
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide, Chapter 4: Data Lakes and Data Warehouses, Section 4.3: Amazon Redshift Spectrum
NEW QUESTION # 76
A data engineer needs to use Amazon Neptune to develop graph applications.
Which programming languages should the engineer use to develop the graph applications? (Select TWO.)
Answer: C,E
Explanation:
Amazon Neptune supports graph applications using Gremlin and SPARQL as query languages. Neptune is a fully managed graph database service that supports both property graph and RDF graph models.
* Option A: GremlinGremlin is a query language for property graph databases, which is supported by Amazon Neptune. It allows the traversal and manipulation of graph data in the property graph model.
* Option D: SPARQLSPARQL is a query language for querying RDF graph data in Neptune. It is used to query, manipulate, and retrieve information stored in RDF format.
Other options:
* SQL (Option B) and ANSI SQL (Option C) are traditional relational database query languages and are not used for graph databases.
* Spark SQL (Option E) is related to Apache Spark for big data processing, not for querying graph databases.
References:
* Amazon Neptune Documentation
* Gremlin Documentation
* SPARQL Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 77
A company maintains multiple extract, transform, and load (ETL) workflows that ingest data from the company's operational databases into an Amazon S3 based data lake. The ETL workflows use AWS Glue and Amazon EMR to process data.
The company wants to improve the existing architecture to provide automated orchestration and to require minimal manual effort.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
Answer: B
Explanation:
AWS Glue workflows are a feature of AWS Glue that enable you to create and visualize complex ETL pipelines using AWS Glue components, such as crawlers, jobs, triggers, and development endpoints. AWS Glue workflows provide automated orchestration and require minimal manual effort, as they handle dependency resolution, error handling, state management, and resource allocation for your ETL workflows.
You can use AWS Glue workflows to ingest data from your operational databases into your Amazon S3 based data lake, and then use AWS Glue and Amazon EMR to process the data in the data lake. This solution will meet the requirements with the least operational overhead, as it leverages the serverless and fully managed nature of AWS Glue, and the scalability and flexibility of Amazon EMR12.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
* B. AWS Step Functions tasks. AWS Step Functions is a service that lets you coordinate multiple AWS services into serverless workflows. You can use AWS Step Functions tasks to invoke AWS Glue and Amazon EMR jobs as part of your ETL workflows, and use AWS Step Functions state machines to define the logic and flow of your workflows. However, this option would require more manual effort than AWS Glue workflows, as you would need to write JSON code to define your state machines, handle errors and retries, and monitor the execution history and status of your workflows3.
* C. AWS Lambda functions. AWS Lambda is a service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. You can use AWS Lambda functions to trigger AWS Glue and Amazon EMR jobs as part of your ETL workflows, and use AWS Lambda event sources and destinations to orchestrate the flow of your workflows. However, this option would also require more manual effort than AWS Glue workflows, as you would need to write code to implement your business logic, handle errors and retries, and monitor the invocation and execution of your Lambda functions. Moreover, AWS Lambda functions have limitations on the execution time, memory, and concurrency, which may affect the performance and scalability of your ETL workflows.
* D. Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow (Amazon MWAA) workflows. Amazon MWAA is a managed service that makes it easy to run open source Apache Airflow on AWS. Apache Airflow is a popular tool for creating and managing complex ETL pipelines using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs).
You can use Amazon MWAA workflows to orchestrate AWS Glue and Amazon EMR jobs as part of your ETL workflows, and use the Airflow web interface to visualize and monitor your workflows.
However, this option would have more operational overhead than AWS Glue workflows, as you would need to set up and configure your Amazon MWAA environment, write Python code to define your DAGs, and manage the dependencies and versions of your Airflow plugins and operators.
1: AWS Glue Workflows
2: AWS Glue and Amazon EMR
3: AWS Step Functions
4: AWS Lambda
5: Amazon Managed Workflows for Apache Airflow
NEW QUESTION # 78
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