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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Laboratory Procedures | - Hematology and clinical pathology - Urinalysis and microbiology |
| Emergency Medicine and Critical Care | - Triage and stabilization - Shock management and CPR |
| Animal Care and Nursing | - Patient handling and restraint - Nutrition and husbandry |
| Dentistry | - Dental prophylaxis procedures - Oral anatomy and disease recognition |
| Diagnostic Imaging | - Image processing and interpretation basics - Radiography positioning and safety |
| Pharmacology | - Drug classifications and uses - Dosage calculations and administration |
| Pain Management and Analgesia | - Analgesic drug use - Pain assessment techniques |
| Anesthesia | - Anesthetic protocols and equipment - Anesthetic monitoring |
| Surgical Nursing | - Sterile technique and instrumentation - Preoperative and postoperative care |
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NEW QUESTION # 440
A veterinary technician is taking a medical history on a six-year-old female dog who presents with pyometra. Other than this condition, the dog is relatively healthy with no other medical conditions.
The veterinary technician would place this dog within which ASA physical classification?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) has developed a scaled system for patients based on physical exam, history, and laboratory findings. Their purpose is to guide the anesthetist in developing an appropriate plan.
*ASA I patients are at minimal risk of serious or fatal side effects from anesthesia and are healthy and undergoing elective procedures.
*ASA II patients are at low risk due to mild systemic diseases such as mild dehydration, skin tumor removal, neonatal, obesity, or geriatric.
*ASA III patients are at moderate risk and may have severe systemic diseases, such as anemia or kidney disease.
*ASA IV patients are at high risk and have severe systemic diseases that are often fatal, such as pyometra or internal hemorrhage.
*ASA V patients are at extreme risk and require surgery to survive. These conditions include severe head injuries, gastric dilation-volvulus, and organ failure.
Because this patient is suffering from pyometra (a deadly bacterial infection of the uterus that causes systemic disease), the veterinary technician should classify her as ASA IV.
NEW QUESTION # 441
What is extra-label drug use?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Extra-label drug use, sometimes referred to as "off-label drug use", is the use of a drug in ways other than those listed on an FDA-approved label. This could include use for a different species, other disease states, different dosages, or even another mode of administration. Extra-label drug use is often advantageous, even necessary. It allows veterinarians to use medications in ways that have not yet been thoroughly tested or approved for a specific species, but may still be helpful. This practice is regulated by the Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act and is not permitted in food-producing animals.
The administration of several medications in combination could involve extra-label use of one or more of the drugs. However, generally, extra-label use refers to the administration of one drug. The use of drugs that have not been approved by the FDA is incorrect because extra-label drug use involves an FDA-approved drug, but it is used in a manner not listed on the FDA-approved label. The compounding of a number of substances to arrive at a single therapeutic compound otherwise unavailable is incorrect because extra-label drug use does not require the compounding of several substances.
NEW QUESTION # 442
Which drug class is commonly used to treat trauma patients at initial presentation for severe, acute pain in small animal emergency hospital settings?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Opioids are commonly used because of their rapid, potent analgesia and ease of administration. They are not typically continued long-term following hospital discharge. Though side effects occur to varying degrees, they are reversible or party reversible, making their use still very valuable.
NSAIDs provide some analgesia and can be part of a multimodal analgesia plan, but are not appropriate as sole agents in the treatment of severe, acute pain. Additionally, the patient cannot be dehydrated or debilitated and safely receive this type of drug. Therefore, they are not used in acute emergency situations.
Local anesthetics are potent anesthetics for regional control of pain. Administration of local blocks is more common following a surgical procedure than at the time of emergency presentation due to the increased skill needed for their administration techniques and potential interference with physical exam findings.
Alpha-2 agonists have some analgesic effects, but their sedation effects are more potent. They can produce significant cardiovascular side effects, so they are best used in stable patients.
NEW QUESTION # 443
A veterinarian is treating a horse with acute colic. Which of the following medications may be administered?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 444
If a veterinary patient's pain is caused by intestinal foreign body obstruction, which type of pain does the patient have?
Answer: C
Explanation:
There are many causes of visceral pain, including inflammation within body cavities (peritonitis, pancreatitis), organs with distended walls (bowel, urinary bladder, gallbladder), and solid organs with capsular distention (liver and splenic masses).
Oncologic pain is caused by cancer. Both a primary tumor and metastatic disease can cause this type of pain. Neuropathic pain originates from nerves (spinal cord compression, amputation). Inflammatory pain comes from the regional extension of inflammatory mediators (a wound, an abscess, or from a surgical incision, for example).
NEW QUESTION # 445
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