ISACA AAIR Questions 2026 - All Subjects Covered

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ISACA AAIR Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionObjectives
AI Governance and Strategy- AI governance frameworks and organizational oversight
  • 1. Roles and responsibilities in AI governance
    • 2. Policy development for AI systems
      AI Risk Management- Risk identification and assessment for AI systems
      • 1. Model risk identification
        • 2. Operational risk in AI deployment
          Ethics, Privacy, and Responsible AI- Ethical AI principles and compliance
          • 1. Bias and fairness mitigation
            • 2. Transparency and explainability
              Regulatory and Compliance Requirements- Global AI regulatory landscape
              • 1. Data protection and privacy regulations
                • 2. Industry standards for AI risk management
                  AI Lifecycle Controls- Controls across AI development lifecycle
                  • 1. Data quality and preparation controls
                    • 2. Model validation and testing

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                      ISACA Advanced in AI Risk Sample Questions (Q48-Q53):

                      NEW QUESTION # 48
                      A risk practitioner is concerned that an AI model's responses have become more inaccurate over time, leading to diminished customer trust. Which of the following should the risk practitioner recommend be done FIRST?

                      Answer: B

                      Explanation:
                      Incident response for AI model degradation should follow a structured diagnostic process. Before implementing any corrective action, the scope and nature of the accuracy issues must be understood to ensure the response is appropriate and targeted.
                      Why D is Correct: According to ISACA AAIR incident response guidance, the first step when AI model accuracy deteriorates is to assess the impact-understanding which specific features are affected, how model outputs have changed, and what the business consequences are. This diagnostic step informs all subsequent decisions about whether to retrain, add validation cycles, or take the system offline. Acting without this assessment may waste resources on inappropriate responses or leave critical issues unaddressed.
                      Why A is Wrong: Adding validation review cycles is a process change that may be appropriate but cannot be determined without first understanding the nature and scope of the accuracy problem. Reviews address a symptom without diagnosing the cause.
                      Why B is Wrong: Taking the model offline and backing it up is a drastic operational measure that may be disproportionate to the actual issue. This decision requires understanding the severity and scope of the problem, which requires impact assessment first.
                      Why C is Wrong: Full model retraining is resource-intensive and may not address the root cause if the problem is not training data staleness. Impact assessment must precede the decision to retrain.


                      NEW QUESTION # 49
                      AI tools can BEST help to mitigate supply chain risk by:

                      Answer: C

                      Explanation:
                      Supply chain risk management requires anticipating disruptions before they materialize. AI's most powerful supply chain contribution is its ability to analyze vast datasets-including signals from suppliers, logistics networks, geopolitical indicators, and environmental data-to predict disruptions with accuracy and lead time that human analysts cannot achieve.
                      Why B is Correct: The ISACA AAIR AI capability guidance identifies predictive disruption identification as the most significant supply chain risk mitigation AI provides. By processing diverse data signals and identifying patterns that precede supply chain failures, AI enables proactive risk management-allowing organizations to pre-position inventory, identify alternative suppliers, or adjust production schedules before disruptions affect operations.
                      Why A is Wrong: Automating inventory management is an operational efficiency application. While valuable, it manages existing stock levels rather than predicting and preventing supply disruptions.
                      Automation cannot anticipate future risks not embedded in current inventory patterns.
                      Why C is Wrong: Historical security control gap identification is a security audit function. Identifying past security weaknesses does not directly mitigate supply chain disruption risks, which may arise from entirely different categories of risk.
                      Why D is Wrong: Sentiment analysis on supplier reputation provides one qualitative input to supplier risk assessment. While useful for monitoring reputational signals, it captures only a narrow dimension of supply chain risk compared to comprehensive predictive disruption modeling.


                      NEW QUESTION # 50
                      Which of the following is the PRIMARY benefit of aligning AI risk management with existing organizational governance frameworks?

                      Answer: C

                      Explanation:
                      Organizational governance frameworks provide the structures, processes, and oversight mechanisms through which enterprises manage their activities and risks. Aligning AI risk management with these frameworks ensures AI activities receive the same level of strategic oversight as other organizational functions.
                      Why C is Correct: The ISACA AAIR curriculum identifies enterprise-level oversight and strategic alignment as the primary benefit of governance framework integration. When AI risk management operates within established governance structures, AI decisions are subject to the same approval authorities, risk escalation pathways, and strategic alignment checks that govern all major organizational decisions. This produces coherent, enterprise-aware AI governance.
                      Why A is Wrong: Role development and responsibility clarification are governance activities that may result from alignment, but they represent structural outputs rather than the primary benefit. The benefit is the oversight quality, not the organizational structure itself.
                      Why B is Wrong: Expediting compliance approvals is an efficiency benefit that may arise from better- organized governance. However, speed of approval is not the primary purpose of framework alignment-the purpose is quality and consistency of oversight.
                      Why D is Wrong: Standardizing acquisition processes is a procurement function benefit. While governance alignment may improve procurement consistency, standardization is a narrow operational benefit compared to the strategic oversight value of full governance integration.


                      NEW QUESTION # 51
                      Which of the following poses the GREATEST challenge related to the protection of intellectual property generated by AI solutions?

                      Answer: B

                      Explanation:
                      Traditional intellectual property law was designed for human-created works. AI-generated content sits in a legal grey zone because current copyright frameworks in most jurisdictions do not clearly establish who-if anyone-holds copyright in outputs created autonomously by AI systems.
                      Why C is Correct: According to ISACA AAIR, the lack of regulatory clarity around AI-generated content copyright is the greatest IP challenge because it creates fundamental uncertainty about ownership, transferability, and enforceability of rights in AI outputs. Without clear legal status, organizations cannot confidently assert ownership, license AI-generated materials, or prevent competitors from copying outputs.
                      This uncertainty pervades commercial agreements, licensing strategies, and competitive protection.
                      Why A is Wrong: Zero-data retention policies actually protect intellectual property by ensuring vendor systems do not retain proprietary input data. This represents a protective measure, not a challenge.
                      Why B is Wrong: Training material customization for confidential data handling is a workforce education challenge. While important for data protection, it does not represent the primary IP challenge from AI- generated content.
                      Why D is Wrong: Low-risk use cases like administrative tasks present minimal IP concerns because the outputs are typically not commercially significant or protectable. The IP challenge is greatest for creative, analytical, and proprietary outputs.


                      NEW QUESTION # 52
                      An organization plans to procure an AI model from a third-party supplier for a critical business function.
                      Which of the following is MOST important to evaluate during supplier vetting?

                      Answer: A

                      Explanation:
                      AI model procurement for critical business functions requires that the selected model be fit for purpose. An AI model that does not align with the specific use case creates performance, compliance, and risk management failures regardless of its technical sophistication.
                      Why A is Correct: ISACA AAIR procurement guidance emphasizes use case alignment as the primary vetting criterion. A model optimized for one domain may perform poorly, introduce bias, or generate inaccurate outputs in a different context. For critical business functions, misalignment directly translates to operational risk, decision errors, and potential harm. Use case fit determines whether all other evaluation criteria are even relevant.
                      Why B is Wrong: Dataset size is a technical characteristic that may indicate breadth of training but does not determine suitability for a specific use case. A large general-purpose dataset may be less relevant than a smaller, domain-specific one.
                      Why C is Wrong: Industry certifications validate security controls and quality management processes. While useful supplementary evidence, they do not confirm that a model performs appropriately for the organization's specific application.
                      Why D is Wrong: Emphasis on innovation reflects vendor marketing positioning. For critical business functions, proven suitability and alignment with use cases outweighs novelty or innovation claims.


                      NEW QUESTION # 53
                      ......

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