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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Incident Response | 12% | - Determine root cause and recurrence prevention - Given an AWS security incident, outline the investigation and mitigation steps - Identify, collect, and preserve forensic evidence |
| Infrastructure Security | 26% | - Architect network security segmentation (VPC architecture) - Design and implement host-based security - Design and implement edge security on AWS - AWS Secret Manager and AWS Systems Manager Parameter Store |
| Data Protection | 22% | - Amazon S3 security best practices - AWS Key Management Service (KMS) and customer managed keys - AWS CloudTrail and encryption key audit - Database encryption and access control - Design and implement encryption solutions for data at rest and in transit |
| Logging and Monitoring | 20% | - Design and implement log analysis and management - Troubleshoot security monitoring and alerting - Design and implement monitoring and alerting solutions |
| Identity and Access Management | 20% | - Implement temporary credentials and federation - Troubleshoot IAM-based authentication and authorization issues - Design and implement identity and access management architecture - Design and implement cross-account access management |
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NEW QUESTION # 130
A security engineer is working with a development team to design a supply chain application that stores sensitive inventory data in an Amazon S3 bucket. The application will use an AWS Key Management Service (AWS KMS) customer managed key to encrypt the data in Amazon S3.
The inventory data in Amazon S3 will be shared with hundreds of vendors. All vendors will use AWS principals from their own AWS accounts to access the data in Amazon S3. The vendor list might change weekly. The security engineer needs to find a solution that supports cross-account access.
Which solution is the MOST operationally efficient way to manage access control for the customer managed key?
Answer: D
Explanation:
KMS grants provide a scalable and efficient way to manage access to AWS KMS customer- managed keys, especially for cross-account access. Grants allow you to specify who can use the key and what operations they can perform on it without needing to modify the KMS key policy itself. Grants are flexible and can be created, modified, and revoked programmatically, making them ideal for situations where the vendor list changes frequently.
This approach minimizes operational overhead while allowing the security engineer to dynamically control access to the KMS key as vendor requirements change.
NEW QUESTION # 131
A company needs to prevent Amazon S3 objects from being shared with IAM identities outside of the company's organization in AWS Organizations. A security engineer is creating and deploying an SCP to accomplish this goal. The company has enabled the S3 Block Public Access feature on all of its S3 buckets. What should the SCP do to meet these requirements?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To restrict access to Amazon S3 objects so that they are only accessible by IAM identities within the company's AWS Organization, the SCP should deny access to any S3:* action where the resource's organization ID (aws:ResourceOrgID) does not match the principal's organization ID (aws:PrincipalOrgID). Using StringNotEquals ensures that only IAM identities within the organization can access the S3 objects. If the resource and principal organization IDs are different, access will be denied.
NEW QUESTION # 132
A company has a VPC that has no internet access and has the private DNS hostnames option enabled. An Amazon Aurora database is running inside the VPC. A security engineer wants to use AWS Secrets Manager to automatically rotate the credentials for the Aurora database. The security engineer configures the Secrets Manager default AWS Lambda rotation function to run inside the same VPC that the Aurora database uses.
However, the security engineer determines that the password cannot be rotated properly because the Lambda function cannot communicate with the Secrets Manager endpoint.
What is the MOST secure way that the security engineer can give the Lambda function the ability to communicate with the Secrets Manager endpoint?
Answer: C
Explanation:
AWS Secrets Manager is a regional service that is accessed through private AWS endpoints. In a VPC without internet access, AWS recommends using AWS PrivateLink through interface VPC endpoints to enable secure, private connectivity to supported AWS services. According to AWS Certified Security - Specialty documentation, interface VPC endpoints allow resources within a VPC to communicate with AWS services without traversing the public internet, NAT devices, or internet gateways.
An interface VPC endpoint for Secrets Manager creates elastic network interfaces (ENIs) within the VPC subnets and assigns private IP addresses that route traffic directly to the Secrets Manager service. Because the VPC has private DNS enabled, the standard Secrets Manager DNS hostname resolves to the private IP addresses of the interface endpoint, allowing the Lambda rotation function to communicate securely and transparently.
Option A introduces unnecessary complexity and expands the attack surface by allowing outbound internet access. Option B is incorrect because gateway VPC endpoints are supported only for Amazon S3 and Amazon DynamoDB. Option D violates the security requirement by exposing the VPC to the internet.
AWS security best practices explicitly recommend interface VPC endpoints as the most secure connectivity method for private VPC workloads accessing AWS managed services.
Referenced AWS Specialty Documents:
AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
AWS Secrets Manager Security Architecture
AWS PrivateLink and Interface VPC Endpoints Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 133
A company uses an organization in AWS Organizations to manage its 250 member accounts. The company also uses AWS IAM Identity Center with a SAML external identity provider (IdP). IAM Identity Center has been delegated to a member account. The company's security team has access to the delegated account.
The security team has been investigating a malicious internal user who might be accessing sensitive accounts.
The security team needs to know when the user logged into the organization during the last 7 days.
Which solution will quickly identify the access attempts?
Answer: D
Explanation:
AWS CloudTrail is theauthoritative source for identity-related activityacross an AWS Organization.
According to the AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide, CloudTrail recordsall AWS API calls and authentication events, including federated sign-ins that occur through AWS IAM Identity Center with an external SAML identity provider.
When IAM Identity Center is used,successful federated login events are logged in CloudTrailas ConsoleLogin and AssumeRoleWithSAML events. These events are recorded in theorganization's management accountwhen CloudTrail is configured as an organization trail. This allows security teams to centrally search and correlate authentication activity across all member accounts.
Option A is incorrect because CloudWatch Logs do not natively aggregate authentication events across an organization unless custom pipelines are built. Option B is not scalable and does not provide historical, organization-wide visibility. Option C is invalid because AWS does not ingest external IdP logs into EventBridge automatically, and IdP logs do not reflect AWS-side role assumptions.
AWS documentation explicitly states thatCloudTrail organization trails provide centralized visibility into user authentication and access activity across all accounts, making this the fastest and most reliable way to identify when a user logged in during a specific time window.
* AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
* AWS CloudTrail User Guide
* AWS IAM Identity Center Documentation
* AWS Organizations Best Practices
NEW QUESTION # 134
A company has several Amazon S3 buckets that do not enforce encryption in transit. A security engineer must implement a solution that enforces encryption in transit for all the company's existing and future S3 buckets.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: C
Explanation:
To enforce encryption in transit for Amazon S3, AWS best practice is to require HTTPS (TLS) by using a bucket policy condition that denies any request where aws:SecureTransport is false. The requirement includes both existing buckets and future buckets, so the control must continuously evaluate configuration drift and automatically remediate. AWS Config is the service intended for continuous configuration compliance monitoring across resources, and AWS Config managed rules provide standardized checks with low operational overhead. The s3-bucket-ssl-requests-only managed rule evaluates whether S3 buckets enforce SSL-only requests, aligning directly with enforcing encryption in transit. Setting the trigger type to Hybrid ensures evaluation both on configuration changes and periodically. Automatic remediation with an AWS Systems Manager Automation runbook allows the organization to apply or correct the bucket policy consistently at scale without manual work. This approach also supports governance by maintaining a measurable compliance status while actively fixing noncompliance. Option A is not the best fit because a
"proactive" custom policy rule does not by itself remediate existing buckets and "block resource creation" is not how AWS Config enforces controls. Option C is incorrect because Amazon Inspector is a vulnerability management service and does not govern S3 bucket transport policies. Option D is inefficient and indirect because CloudTrail data events are not a compliance engine and would require custom processing.
Referenced AWS Specialty Documents:
AWS Certified Security - Specialty Official Study Guide
AWS Config Managed Rules for S3 Compliance
Amazon S3 Security Best Practices for SSL-only Access
NEW QUESTION # 135
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