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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Animal Care and Nursing | 20% | - Specialized care for exotic, large or neonatal patients - Infection control, sanitation, isolation - Husbandry, nutrition, fluid therapy - Physical examination, patient assessment |
| Anesthesia | 13% | - Recovery and emergency management - Anesthetic agents, equipment, monitoring - Pre-anesthetic assessment and preparation |
| Surgical Nursing | 13% | - Intraoperative and postoperative care - Surgical preparation, instrumentation, aseptic technique - Wound management, suture materials and techniques |
| Dentistry | 7% | - Periodontal care and patient education - Dental anatomy, disease recognition - Dental cleaning, polishing, radiography |
| Communication and Veterinary Professional Support Services | 5% | - Medical records, ethics, legal and regulatory compliance - Client education, communication techniques - Practice management, team collaboration |
| Pharmacy and Pharmacology | 13% | - Controlled substance management - Anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology related to agents - Drug classification, dosage calculation, administration routes - Preparation, dispensing, storage, safety and disposal |
| Diagnostic Imaging | 6% | - Image quality assessment and documentation - Ultrasound, other imaging modalities - Radiography: positioning, safety, technique |
| Emergency Medicine / Critical Care | 7% | - Triage, shock, respiratory/cardiac emergencies - Toxicology, trauma, first aid procedures |
| Laboratory Procedures | 9% | - Parasitology, microbiology, cytology - Sample collection, handling and processing - Hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis |
| Pain Management / Analgesia | 7% | - Multimodal analgesia protocols - Pain assessment, pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic control |
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質問 # 661
All of the following are appropriate treatments for laryngeal paralysis except:
正解：C
解説：
Laryngeal paralysis occurs when the arytenoid cartilage movement is paralyzed due to damaged laryngeal nerves. Signs of laryngeal paralysis include a change in the animal's voice, stridor, and difficulty tolerating exercise.
With emergency decompensation, dogs are stabilized with sedation, anti-inflammatory medication, and oxygen supplementation. In severe cases, intubation and treatment for hyperthermia is often necessary. Surgical treatment to open the airway is by a procedure called a laryngeal tie-back.
Cough suppressant medications have minimal benefit, since the clinical signs are caused by a narrowed laryngeal opening and not a problem with coughing from the trachea or lungs.
質問 # 662
When considering surgery in zoo animals, the same principles apply as with other animals. All of the following are key in ensuring improved postoperative outcomes, except:
正解：B
解説：
When considering zoo animal medicine, follow-up care (especially hands-on) may not be able to happen with these animals, so it is important to ensure that, from start to finish, all techniques used will:
1. Encourage and ensure aseptic techniques - from pre-op, to prep, to intraop, to post-op when warranted
2. Maintain sterility throughout all procedures
3. Ensure equipment is maintained properly
4. Minimize any and all possible means for an animal post-op to go after an incision and/or interfere with healing. This includes the use of buried (absorbable) sutures, as even skin glue-though not overtly stimulating or an issue to many animals-could represent enough of an irritant or distractor that the animal will go after it and lead to dehiscence.
質問 # 663
What is a diaphragmatic hernia?
正解：C
解説：
A diaphragmatic hernia is a tear in the diaphragm which could allow abdominal organs to herniate into the chest cavity. Clinical signs include lack of appetite, lethargy, muffled heart and lung sounds, dyspnea, and tachypnea. Diaphragmatic hernias can be diagnosed with radiographs and ultrasound if abdominal contents have herniated into the thoracic cavity.
A diaphragmatic hernia is not a normal fissure found in the diaphragm, the cessation of diaphragmatic movement, or atrophy of diaphragmatic tissue.
Joanna M. Bassert, VMD. McCurnin's Clinical Textbook for Veterinary Technicians, 9th Edition. Pg 642.
Mosby's Comprehensive Review for Veterinary Technicians 5th Edition. Pg 661.
質問 # 664
What is the shorthand pharmacy abbreviation used to direct the caretaker that a medication should be given by mouth?
正解：B
解説：
Veterinary technicians should be familiar with the most commonly used Latin terms in prescription writing. The Latin term "p.o." stands for "per os", meaning by mouth.
The abbreviation "b.i.d." means give two times daily (or every 12 hours). The abbreviation "p.r.n." means per required need, or give as needed. The abbreviation "h.s." means to give medication at the hour of sleep, or bedtime.
質問 # 665
A goat has a history of urolithiasis and has been blocked three times before. He has had multiple procedures to relieve the obstruction over the years but continues to make stones. The goat is a pet and beloved friend of the owner's now nine-year-old daughter. The surgeon has evaluated the urethra and appreciates a stricture.
What salvage procedure can be used to give this goat another chance?
正解：A
解説：
Goats commonly produce bladder stones. They can become lodged anywhere in the urinary tract and most commonly cause an obstruction in the area of the vermiform appendage (urethral process). This area is at the tip of the penis and is a tube-like skin extension. Other locations are less common for obstruction.
A urethral process amputation involves removing this appendage with a scalpel. Because it is the most likely site of an obstruction in the species, it is a routine procedure and was likely already performed - it is not considered a salvage procedure.
A tubal cystotomy helps divert urine away from the urethra and to a collection system to allow the swelling to subside. It is combined with a vermiform appendage amputation and cystotomy/urethrotomy to remove stones. However, this is also a common procedure and not considered a salvage procedure.
A PU, similar to what is performed in cats, creates a different urethral opening from which the goat can urinate, making them "urinate more like a female." This means that the animal's penis no longer functions normally and can no longer breed. Since this is a pet, it is not likely to be an issue, and probably has already been performed, as a complication can be stricture.
Bladder marsupialization is considered a salvage procedure when all else fails. It can be done as a last resort for patients who have had PUs that stricture or fail to prevent obstructions. It creates a permanent orifice between the body wall circa the prepuce and the bladder. This prepubic cystostomy creates a permanent opening with post-op risks, including urine scalding and urinary tract infections.
質問 # 666
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