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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Storage | 10% | - StorageClasses and dynamic provisioning - Volume types and access modes - StatefulSet storage configuration - Persistent Volumes (PV) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVC) |
| Topic 2: Cluster Architecture, Installation & Configuration | 25% | - Implement high availability control plane - Work with CRDs and Operators - Manage RBAC - Understand CNI, CSI, CRI interfaces - Create and manage clusters with kubeadm - Install components via Helm / Kustomize - Prepare infrastructure for cluster installation - Manage cluster lifecycle and upgrades |
| Topic 3: Troubleshooting | 30% | - Control plane component failures - Cluster component health checks - Pod and application failures - Network connectivity and DNS resolution problems - Worker node issues and recovery - Log collection and analysis |
| Topic 4: Workloads & Scheduling | 15% | - Pod scheduling: node selector, affinity, taints/tolerations - Resource requests, limits and autoscaling - Pod lifecycle, init containers, probes - Deployments, rolling updates and rollbacks - Configure applications with ConfigMaps and Secrets |
| Topic 5: Services & Networking | 20% | - Ingress resources and controllers - CNI configuration and troubleshooting - CoreDNS and service discovery - Service types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer, ExternalName - Network policies |
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NEW QUESTION # 51
You are running a stateful application using a StatefulSet. How do you ensure that the application data is preserved during a rolling update?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Use Persistent Volumes:
- Use Persistent Volumes (PVs) and Persistent Volume Claims (PVCs) to provide persistent storage for the stateful application data.
- Ensure that the PVCs are mounted to the pods in the StatefulSet.
2. Configure Rolling Updates: - Configure the StatefulSet's updateStrategy' to use a rolling update strategy. - Ensure that the 'updateStrategy.type' is set to 'RollingUpdate'. 3. Validate Data Preservation: - Perform a rolling update by updating the StatefulSet. - Validate that the application data is preserved during the update process. - Check the logs and application state to confirm that the data is intact.
NEW QUESTION # 52
You have a Deployment named 'web-app' with 3 replicas running a Flask application. You need to implement a rolling update strategy that ensures only one pod is unavailable at any time. Additionally, you need to implement a strategy to handle the update process when the pod's resource requests exceed the available resources.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Update the Deployment YAML:
- Update the 'replicas' to 2.
- Define 'maxUnavailable: 1' and 'maxSurge: 0' in the 'strategy.rollingUpdate' section to control the rolling update process.
- Configure a 'strategy.type" to 'RollingUpdate" to trigger a rolling update when the deployment is updated.
- Add a 'spec.template.spec.resources' section to define resource requests for the pod.
- Set 'spec.template.spec.restartPolicy' to 'OnFailure' for the pod to restart when it fails.
2. Create the Deployment: - Apply the updated YAML file using 'kubectl apply -f web-app.yaml' 3. Verify the Deployment: - Check the status of the deployment using 'kubectl get deployments web-app' to confirm the rollout and updated replica count. 4. Trigger the Automatic Update: - Update the 'web-app' image in the Docker Hub repository. 5. Monitor the Deployment: - Use 'kubectl get pods -l app=web-app' to monitor the pod updates during the rolling update process. You will observe that one pod is terminated at a time, while one new pod with the updated image is created. 6. Handle Resource Exceedance: - If the pod's resource requests exceed the available resources, the pod will be evicted and restarted. The 'restartPolicy' ensures that the pod restarts automatically upon failure. 7. Check for Successful Update: - Once the deployment is complete, use 'kubectl describe deployment web-app' to see that the 'updatedReplicas' field matches the 'replicas' field, indicating a successful update.
NEW QUESTION # 53
Get list of all pods in all namespaces and write it to file "/opt/pods-list.yaml"
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
kubectl get po -all-namespaces > /opt/pods-list.yaml
NEW QUESTION # 54
You are deploying a highly sensitive application to a Kubernetes cluster. You need to configure CoreDNS to enforce strict access control and ensure that only authorized clients can perform DNS lookups.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
1. Enable DNSSEC Validation:
- Configure CoreDNS to validate DNSSEC signatures to ensure that DNS responses are not tampered with.
2. Use Network Policies: - Implement network policies to restrict access to the CoreDNS service. Only authorized pods should be allowed to send DNS queries to CoreDNS.
3. Use RBAC for Access Control: - Implement Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) to restrict access to CoreDNS resources. Only authorized users or service accounts should be able to modify the CoreDNS configuration or access its logs.
4. Use Secure DNS: - Enable DNS over TLS (DOT) or DNS over HTTPS (DOH) to secure communication between pods and CoreDNS. This will prevent eavesdropping and data tampering.
NEW QUESTION # 55
For this item, you will have to ssh and complete all tasks on these
nodes. Ensure that you return to the base node (hostname: ) when you have completed this item.
Context
As an administrator of a small development team, you have been asked to set up a Kubernetes cluster to test the viability of a new application.
Task
You must use kubeadm to perform this task. Any kubeadm invocations will require the use of the
--ignore-preflight-errors=all option.
Configure the node ik8s-master-O as a master node. .
Join the node ik8s-node-o to the cluster.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation
solution
You must use the kubeadm configuration file located at /etc/kubeadm.conf when initializingyour cluster.
You may use any CNI plugin to complete this task, but if you don't have your favourite CNI plugin's manifest URL at hand, Calico is one popular option:
https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.14/manifests/calico.yaml
Docker is already installed on both nodes and apt has been configured so that you can install the required tools.
NEW QUESTION # 56
......
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