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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Network Attacks | - Sniffing and session hijacking - Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS) |
| Topic 2: Cryptography | - Encryption, hashing, and cryptanalysis |
| Topic 3: Reconnaissance Techniques | - Scanning networks and enumeration - Footprinting and information gathering |
| Topic 4: Wireless and Mobile Security | - Wireless network attacks - Mobile platform vulnerabilities |
| Topic 5: Introduction to Ethical Hacking | - Ethical hacking concepts and methodology |
| Topic 6: Cloud and IoT Security | - IoT security fundamentals - Cloud computing security concepts |
| Topic 7: System Hacking | - Malware threats and system exploitation - Gaining access and privilege escalation |
| Topic 8: Web and Application Security | - Web application hacking techniques |
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NEW QUESTION # 315
During a red team engagement at Apex Biotech in Dallas, ethical hacker Rachel calls the company's HR desk pretending to be Mark Stevens, a senior finance manager. She pressures the HR staffer by citing his
"upcoming presentation for the CFO" and insists he urgently needs a copy of the updated employee benefits spreadsheet. The staffer feels compelled to help due to Rachel's convincing manner and authoritative tone.
Which social engineering technique is Rachel demonstrating in this exercise?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. Impersonation because Rachel's primary technique is pretending to be a specific, legitimate employee ("Mark Stevens, a senior finance manager") to induce the HR staffer to disclose or transmit sensitive information. In CEH-aligned social engineering concepts, impersonation is the act of assuming another person's identity or role-often someone with authority or a believable business need-to gain trust and persuade the target to perform an action they otherwise should not (such as sharing confidential documents, resetting credentials, or bypassing verification steps).
The scenario includes multiple social engineering influence factors commonly emphasized in CEH: authority (claiming to be a senior finance manager and referencing the CFO), urgency ("upcoming presentation" and
"urgently needs"), and pressure to reduce the likelihood the staffer follows standard validation procedures.
These elements strengthen the impersonation by making the request feel both legitimate and time-sensitive, increasing compliance. The target's reaction-feeling compelled due to Rachel's authoritative tone-matches the expected psychological effect of impersonation attacks.
Why the other options are less correct: Vishing (voice phishing) is a delivery channel-social engineering conducted via phone calls. While this interaction occurs over the phone, the question asks for the technique being demonstrated. The defining technique here is the identity deception (impersonation) rather than merely the medium. Quid pro quo involves offering something in exchange (e.g., "I'll fix your issue if you give me your password"), which is not present. Reverse social engineering involves the attacker creating a problem and positioning themselves as the helper so the victim contacts them; that is not described because Rachel initiates the call and directly requests the document.
Therefore, the most accurate classification of Rachel's method is Impersonation.
NEW QUESTION # 316
An internal audit at a pharmaceutical research company in San Diego, California, revealed that a directory server was reachable from a restricted testing subnet. Security analyst Daniel Harper initiated a basic directory query using simple authentication to validate connectivity. The query succeeded, confirming that the server was responding to unauthenticated search requests.
To understand the structural layout of the directory before performing deeper queries, Daniel needed to retrieve the base-level naming context entries exposed by the server. His objective was to identify the root domain components and configuration partitions before constructing targeted search filters.
Which command should Daniel execute to obtain the directory naming context information?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Retrieving directory naming contexts requires a base-level LDAP query that explicitly requests the server's root naming information. Using the base scope with the namingcontexts attribute allows enumeration of the directory's root partitions and structural layout before performing deeper searches against specific organizational units or objects.
NEW QUESTION # 317
A municipal data center in Phoenix, Arizona, deploys a network intrusion detection system to monitor traffic entering its public records portal. During a scheduled red team exercise, authorized testers successfully exploit a vulnerable web service and gain restricted administrative access.
Post-exercise review reveals that the IDS generated a high-severity alert precisely at the time the exploit traffic reached the server. Log correlation confirms that the alert corresponded directly to the malicious activity performed during the test window.
How should this IDS outcome be classified?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is B. True Positive.
A true positive occurs when a security control correctly identifies malicious or unauthorized activity as malicious. In this scenario, the red team exploit was real within the authorized test scope, the IDS generated an alert, and log correlation confirmed that the alert matched the exploit traffic.
CEH-aligned IDS material explains that a false positive occurs when an IDS alerts on traffic as malicious when it is not, while a false negative occurs when the IDS fails to alert even though an intrusion attempt occurred . By contrast, this case is neither false positive nor false negative because the alert was accurate and corresponded to actual exploit activity.
Option A. False Negative is incorrect because the IDS did not miss the attack.
Option C. False Positive is incorrect because the alert was not triggered by benign traffic.
Option D. True Negative is incorrect because a true negative means no attack occurred and no alert was generated.
Therefore, the best answer is B. True Positive.
NEW QUESTION # 318
Take a look at the following attack on a Web Server using obstructed URL:
Take a look at the following attack on a Web Server using an obfuscated URL:
How would you protect from these attacks?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
The attack shown is a Directory Traversal Attack. It uses URL encoding (hexadecimal obfuscation) to bypass input filters and access unauthorized files such as /etc/passwd.
%2e = . (dot)
%2f = / (forward slash)
So, ../../../etc/passwd becomes %2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%2e%2e%2f%65%74%63%2f%70%61%73%73%
77%64
The best protection against this attack is to:
Normalize and sanitize user input on the server.
Deny directory traversal patterns, whether encoded or not.
Specifically reject or deny hex-encoded path characters (%2e, %2f, etc.) Option A directly mitigates this by preventing the server from decoding and processing hex-encoded directory traversal attempts.
From CEH v13 Courseware:
Module 10: Web Application Hacking
Topic: Directory Traversal and Input Validation
Incorrect Options:
B: IDS can alert, but it's reactive rather than preventative.
C: SSL encrypts communication but does not prevent path traversal.
D: Active script detection is unrelated to path traversal attacks.
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 10: Directory Traversal MitigationOWASP Top 10 - A5:2017 - Broken Access Control (Directory Traversal)RFC 3986 - URI Syntax and Encoding
NEW QUESTION # 319
A Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH) is auditing a company's web server that employs virtual hosting. The server hosts multiple domains and uses a web proxy to maintain anonymity and prevent IP blocking. The CEH discovers that the server's document directory (containing critical HTML files) is named "certrcx" and stored in /admin/web. The server root (containing configuration, error, executable, and log files) is also identified. The CEH also notes that the server uses a virtual document tree for additional storage. Which action would most likely increase the security of the web server?
Answer: B
Explanation:
CEH guidance for web server hardening prioritizes controls that reduce exploitable conditions across the broadest set of threats. While obscuring paths (for example, unusual directory names like "certrcx" or storing content under "/admin/web") may slightly slow down casual discovery, CEH emphasizes that security through obscurity is not a reliable control. If an attacker can identify the server root, document root, and virtual directory structure (through misconfigurations, directory listing, error leakage, backup exposure, or known-path enumeration), then the real risk becomes unpatched vulnerabilities in the web server, modules, libraries, and underlying OS.
Regularly updating and patching the server software is the most direct, high-impact countermeasure because it closes known vulnerabilities attackers routinely exploit (RCE, privilege escalation, auth bypass, path traversal, request smuggling, etc.). CEH materials also stress that virtual hosting expands the attack surface (multiple sites, shared services, shared misconfigurations), making systematic patching and configuration management even more important.
Option A (moving the document root to a different disk) may help with organization and, in some cases, recovery planning, but it does not inherently reduce vulnerabilities. Option C (changing IPs) is not a security control; it may complicate blocking lists but doesn't fix the underlying weakness. Option D (using LAMP) is an architectural choice, not a security measure by itself-an open-source stack can still be insecure if misconfigured or unpatched.
Therefore, CEH-aligned best practice is regular patching and updates.
NEW QUESTION # 320
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