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想參加KCNA認證考試嗎？想取得KCNA認證資格嗎？沒有充分準備考試的時間的你應該怎麼通過考試呢？其實也並不是沒有辦法，即使只有很短的準備考試的時間你也可以輕鬆通過考試。那麼怎麼才能做到呢？方法其實很簡單，那就是使用NewDumps的KCNA考古題來準備考試。
| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Cloud Native Application Delivery | 8% | - Deployment Strategies
|
| Topic 2: Cloud Native Architecture | 16% | - Infrastructure and Practices
|
| Topic 3: Cloud Native Observability | 8% | - Monitoring and Metrics
|
| Topic 4: Container Orchestration | 22% | - Storage
|
| Topic 5: Kubernetes Fundamentals | 46% | - Scheduling
|
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問題 #294
Various Container Orchestrator Systems (COS)?
答案：A,B,C
問題 #295
Which command will list the resource types that exist within a cluster?
答案：D
解題說明：
To list the resource types available in a Kubernetes cluster, you use kubectl api-resources, so A is correct.
This command queries the API server's discovery endpoints and prints a table of resources (kinds) that the cluster knows about, including their names, shortnames, API group/version, whether they are namespaced, and supported verbs. It's extremely useful for learning what objects exist in a cluster-especially when CRDs are installed, because those custom resource types will also appear in the output.
Option C (kubectl api-versions) lists available API versions (group/version strings like v1, apps/v1, batch/v1) but does not directly list the resource kinds/types. It's related discovery information but answers a different question. Option B (kubectl get namespaces) lists namespaces, not resource types. Option D is invalid (typo in URL and conceptually not the Kubernetes discovery mechanism).
Practically, kubectl api-resources is used during troubleshooting and exploration: you might use it to confirm whether a CRD is installed (e.g., certificates.cert-manager.io kinds), to check whether a resource is namespaced, or to find the correct kind name for kubectl get. It also helps understand what your cluster supports at the API layer (including aggregated APIs).
So, the verified correct command to list resource types that exist in the cluster is A: kubectl api-resources.
問題 #296
Which of the following best describes horizontally scaling an application deployment?
答案：B
解題說明：
Horizontal scaling means changing how many instances of an application are running, not changing how big each instance is. Therefore, the best description is C: adding/removing application instances of the same application to meet demand. In Kubernetes, "instances" typically correspond to Pod replicas managed by a controller like a Deployment. When you scale horizontally, you increase or decrease the replica count, which increases or decreases total throughput and resilience by distributing load across more Pods.
Option A is about cluster/node scaling (adding or removing nodes), which is infrastructure scaling typically handled by a cluster autoscaler in cloud environments. Node scaling can enable more Pods to be scheduled, but it's not the definition of horizontal application scaling itself. Option D describes vertical scaling-adding/removing CPU or memory resources to a given instance (Pod/container) by changing requests/limits or using VPA. Option B is vague and not the standard definition.
Horizontal scaling is a core cloud-native pattern because it improves availability and elasticity. If one Pod fails, other replicas continue serving traffic. In Kubernetes, scaling can be manual (kubectl scale deployment ... --replicas=N) or automatic using the Horizontal Pod Autoscaler (HPA). HPA adjusts replicas based on observed metrics like CPU utilization, memory, or custom/external metrics (for example, request rate or queue length). This creates responsive systems that can handle variable traffic.
From an architecture perspective, designing for horizontal scaling often means ensuring your application is stateless (or manages state externally), uses idempotent request handling, and supports multiple concurrent instances. Stateful workloads can also scale horizontally, but usually with additional constraints (StatefulSets, sharding, quorum membership, stable identity).
So the verified definition and correct choice is C.
問題 #297
In Kubernetes. which command is the most efficient way to check the progress of a Deployment rollout and confirm if it has completed successfully?
答案：D
解題說明：
The kubectl rollout status command is specifically designed to monitor the progress of a Deployment rollout and report whether it is still in progress or has completed successfully.
問題 #298
What does "continuous" mean in the context of CI/CD?
答案：B
解題說明：
The correct answer is C: in CI/CD, "continuous" implies frequent releases, automation, repeatability, and fast feedback/processing. The intent is to reduce batch size and latency between code change and validation/deployment. Instead of integrating or releasing in large, risky chunks, teams integrate changes continually and rely on automation to validate and deliver them safely.
"Continuous" does not mean "periodic" (which eliminates B and D). It also does not mean "manual processes" (which eliminates A and B). Automation is core: build, test, security checks, and deployment steps are consistently executed by pipeline systems, producing reliable outcomes and auditability.
In practice, CI means every merge triggers automated builds and tests so the main branch stays in a healthy state. CD means those validated artifacts are promoted through environments with minimal manual steps, often including progressive delivery controls (canary, blue/green), automated rollbacks on health signal failures, and policy checks. Kubernetes works well with CI/CD because it is declarative and supports rollout primitives: Deployments, readiness probes, and rollback revision history enable safer continuous delivery when paired with pipeline automation.
Repeatability is a major part of "continuous." The same pipeline should run the same way every time, producing consistent artifacts and deployments. This reduces "works on my machine" issues and shortens incident resolution because changes are traceable and reproducible. Fast processing and frequent releases also mean smaller diffs, easier debugging, and quicker customer value delivery.
So, the combination that accurately reflects "continuous" in CI/CD is frequent + automated + repeatable + fast, which is option C.
問題 #299
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