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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Data Store Management | 26% | - Optimize storage performance and cost - Manage data lifecycle and storage tiers - Design and implement data storage solutions
|
| Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Ingest data from various sources
|
| Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Encrypt data at rest and in transit - Protect sensitive data - Enforce compliance and data governance
|
| Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Backup, restore, and disaster recovery - Ensure reliability and scalability - Monitor and troubleshoot data pipelines
|
>> Data-Engineer-Associate Exam Sample Questions <<
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NEW QUESTION # 211
The company stores a large volume of customer records in Amazon S3. To comply with regulations, the company must be able to access new customer records immediately for the first 30 days after the records are created. The company accesses records that are older than 30 days infrequently.
The company needs to cost-optimize its Amazon S3 storage.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The most cost-effective solution in this case is to apply a lifecycle policy to transition records to Amazon S3 Standard-IA storage after 30 days. Here's why:
* Amazon S3 Lifecycle Policies: Amazon S3 offers lifecycle policies that allow you to automatically transition objects between different storage classes to optimize costs. For data that is frequently accessed in the first 30 days and infrequently accessed after that, transitioning from the S3 Standard storage class to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 30 days makes the most sense. S3 Standard-IA is designed for data that is accessed less frequently but still needs to be retained, offering lower storage costs than S3 Standard with a retrieval cost for access.
* Cost Optimization: S3 Standard-IA offers a lower price per GB than S3 Standard. Since the data will be accessed infrequently after 30 days, using S3 Standard-IA will lower storage costs while still allowing for immediate retrieval when necessary.
* Compliance with Regulations: Since the records need to be immediately accessible for the first 30 days, the use of S3 Standard for that period ensures compliance with regulatory requirements. After 30 days, transitioning to S3 Standard-IA continues to meet access requirements for infrequent access while reducing storage costs.
* Alternatives Considered:
* Option B (S3 Intelligent-Tiering): While S3 Intelligent-Tiering automatically moves data between access tiers based on access patterns, it incurs a small monthly monitoring and automation charge per object. It could be a viable option, but transitioning data to S3 Standard- IA directly would be more cost-effective since the pattern of access is well-known (frequent for
30 days, infrequent thereafter).
* Option C (S3 Glacier Deep Archive): Glacier Deep Archive is the lowest-cost storage class, but it is not suitable in this case because the data needs to be accessed immediately within 30 days and on an infrequent basis thereafter. Glacier Deep Archive requires hours for data retrieval, which is not acceptable for infrequent access needs.
* Option D (S3 Standard-IA for all records): Using S3 Standard-IA for all records would result in higher costs for the first 30 days, as the data is frequently accessed. S3 Standard-IA incurs retrieval charges, making it less suitable for frequently accessed data.
:
Amazon S3 Lifecycle Policies
S3 Storage Classes
Cost Management and Data Optimization Using Lifecycle Policies
AWS Data Engineering Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 212
A company has five offices in different AWS Regions. Each office has its own human resources (HR) department that uses a unique IAM role. The company stores employee records in a data lake that is based on Amazon S3 storage.
A data engineering team needs to limit access to the records. Each HR department should be able to access records for only employees who are within the HR department's Region.
Which combination of steps should the data engineering team take to meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead? (Choose two.)
Answer: D,E
Explanation:
AWS Lake Formation is a service that helps you build, secure, and manage data lakes on Amazon S3. You can use AWS Lake Formation to register the S3 path as a data lake location, and enable fine-grained access control to limit access to the records based on the HR department's Region. You can use data filters to specify which S3 prefixes or partitions each HR department can access, and grant permissions to the IAM roles of the HR departments accordingly. This solution will meet the requirement with the least operational overhead, as it simplifies the data lake management and security, and leverages the existing IAM roles of the HR departments12.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
* A. Use data filters for each Region to register the S3 paths as data locations. This option is not possible, as data filters are not used to register S3 paths as data locations, but to grant permissions to access specific S3 prefixes or partitions within a data location. Moreover, this option does not specify how to limit access to the records based on the HR department's Region.
* C. Modify the IAM roles of the HR departments to add a data filter for each department's Region. This option is not possible, as data filters are not added to IAM roles, but to permissions granted by AWS Lake Formation. Moreover, this option does not specify how to register the S3 path as a data lake location, or how to enable fine-grained access control in AWS Lake Formation.
* E. Create a separate S3 bucket for each Region. Configure an IAM policy to allow S3 access. Restrict access based on Region. This option is not recommended, as it would require more operational overhead to create and manage multiple S3 buckets, and to configure and maintain IAM policies for each HR department. Moreover, this option does not leverage the benefits of AWS Lake Formation, such as data cataloging, data transformation, and data governance.
:
1: AWS Lake Formation
2: AWS Lake Formation Permissions
3: AWS Identity and Access Management
4: Amazon S3
NEW QUESTION # 213
A data engineer needs to debug an AWS Glue job that reads from Amazon S3 and writes to Amazon Redshift. The data engineer enabled the bookmark feature for the AWS Glue job. The data engineer has set the maximum concurrency for the AWS Glue job to 1.
The AWS Glue job is successfully writing the output to Amazon Redshift. However, the Amazon S3 files that were loaded during previous runs of the AWS Glue job are being reprocessed by subsequent runs.
What is the likely reason the AWS Glue job is reprocessing the files?
Answer: B
Explanation:
The issue described is that the AWS Glue job is reprocessing files from previous runs despite the bookmark feature being enabled. Bookmarks in AWS Glue allow jobs to keep track of which files or data have already been processed to avoid reprocessing. The most likely reason for reprocessing the files is missing S3 permissions, specifically s3
.
s3
is a permission required by AWS Glue when bookmarks are enabled to ensure Glue can retrieve metadata from the files in S3, which is necessary for the bookmark mechanism to function correctly. Without this permission, Glue cannot track which files have been processed, resulting in reprocessing during subsequent runs.
Concurrency settings (Option B) and the version of AWS Glue (Option C) do not affect the bookmark behavior. Similarly, the lack of a commit statement (Option D) is not applicable in this context, as Glue handles commits internally when interacting with Redshift and S3.
Thus, the root cause is likely related to insufficient permissions on the S3 bucket, specifically s3
, which is required for bookmarks to work as expected.
Reference:
AWS Glue Job Bookmarks Documentation
AWS Glue Permissions for Bookmarks
NEW QUESTION # 214
A company has a data lake in Amazon 53. The company uses AWS Glue to catalog data and AWS Glue Studio to implement data extract, transform, and load (ETL) pipelines.
The company needs to ensure that data quality issues are checked every time the pipelines run. A data engineer must enhance the existing pipelines to evaluate data quality rules based on predefined thresholds.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST implementation effort?
Answer: C
Explanation:
* Problem Analysis:
* The company uses AWS Glue for ETL pipelines and must enforcedata quality checksduring pipeline execution.
* The goal is to implement quality checks withminimal implementation effort.
* Key Considerations:
* AWS Glue provides anEvaluate Data Quality transformthat allows for defining quality checks directly in the pipeline.
* DQDL (Data Quality Definition Language)simplifies the process by allowing declarative rule definitions.
* Solution Analysis:
* Option A: SQL Transform
* SQL queries can implement rules but require manual effort for each rule and do not integrate natively with Glue.
* Option B: Evaluate Data Quality Transform + DQDL
* AWS Glue's built-inEvaluate Data Quality transformis designed for this use case.
* Allows defining thresholds and rules in DQDL with minimal coding effort.
* Option C: Custom Transform with PyDeequ
* PyDeequ is a powerful library but adds unnecessary complexity compared to Glue's native features.
* Option D: Custom Transform with Great Expectations
* Similar to PyDeequ, Great Expectations adds operational complexity and external dependencies.
* Final Recommendation:
* Use theEvaluate Data Quality transformwithDQDLto implement data quality rules in AWS Glue pipelines.
:
AWS Glue Data Quality
DQDL Syntax and Examples
AWS Glue Studio Documentation
NEW QUESTION # 215
A company wants to migrate an application and an on-premises Apache Kafka server to AWS. The application processes incremental updates that an on-premises Oracle database sends to the Kafka server. The company wants to use the replatform migration strategy instead of the refactor strategy.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST management overhead?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Problem Analysis:
The company needs to migrate both an application and an on-premises Apache Kafka server to AWS.
Incremental updates from an on-premises Oracle database are processed by Kafka.
The solution must follow a replatform migration strategy, prioritizing minimal changes and low management overhead.
Key Considerations:
Replatform Strategy: This approach keeps the application and architecture as close to the original as possible, reducing the need for refactoring.
The solution must provide a managed Kafka service to minimize operational burden.
Low overhead solutions like serverless services are preferred.
Solution Analysis:
Option A: Kinesis Data Streams
Kinesis Data Streams is an AWS-native streaming service but is not a direct substitute for Kafka.
This option would require significant application refactoring, which does not align with the replatform strategy.
Option B: MSK Provisioned Cluster
Managed Kafka service with fully configurable clusters.
Provides the same Kafka APIs but requires cluster management (e.g., scaling, patching), increasing management overhead.
Option C: Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose
Kinesis Data Firehose is designed for data delivery rather than real-time streaming and processing.
Not suitable for Kafka-based applications.
Option D: MSK Serverless
MSK Serverless eliminates the need for cluster management while maintaining compatibility with Kafka APIs.
Automatically scales based on workload, reducing operational overhead.
Ideal for replatform migrations, as it requires minimal changes to the application.
Final Recommendation:
Amazon MSK Serverless is the best solution for migrating the Kafka server and application with minimal changes and the least management overhead.
Reference:
Amazon MSK Serverless Overview
Comparison of Amazon MSK and Kinesis
NEW QUESTION # 216
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