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CIPS L4M2 시험은 60개의 다지선 객관식 문항이 포함된 2시간 종이 기반 시험으로 구성되어 있습니다. 이 시험은 수강생의 강의 내용에 대한 지식과 이해도를 검증하기 위해 설계되었습니다. 시험에 성공한 후에는 CIPS Level 4 Procurement and Supply Diploma를 수여받으며, 이는 구매에 있어 우수성을 증명하는 국제적인 기준으로 인정받고 있습니다.
질문 # 141
Interserve is a construction contractor in UK. When receiving a huge and complex project, Inter-serve's procurement manager assesses the risks by quantifying them and recommends other stake-holders to plan mitigating actions. Is the procurement manager's action justified?
정답：C
설명：
Assessing the risks by quantifying them should be done. Even with qualitative risk assessment, quantifying is still important since risks need to be prioritised.
Risk assessment can be qualitative or quantitative. Perform qualitative and perform quantitative risk analysis are two processes within the project risk management knowledge area, in the planning process group. While qualitative risk analysis should generally be performed on all risks, for all projects, quantitative risk analysis has a more limited use, based on the type of project, the project risks, and the availability of data to use to conduct the quantitative analysis.
Qualitative Risk Analysis
A qualitative risk analysis prioritises the identified project risks using a pre-defined rating scale. Risks will be scored based on their probability or likelihood of occurring and the impact on project objectives should they occur.
Probability/likelihood is commonly ranked on a zero to one scale (for example, .3 equating to a 30% probability of the risk event occurring).
The impact scale is organizationally defined (for example, a one to five scale, with five being the highest impact on project objectives - such as budget, schedule, or quality).
A qualitative risk analysis will also include the appropriate categorization of the risks, either source-based or effect-based.
Quantitative Risk Analysis
A quantitative risk analysis is a further analysis of the highest priority risks during a which a numerical or quantitative rating is assigned in order to develop a probabilistic analysis of the project.
A quantitative analysis:
- Quantifies the possible outcomes for the project and assesses the probability of achieving specific project objectives
- Provides a quantitative approach to making decisions when there is uncertainty
- Creates realistic and achievable cost, schedule or scope targets
In order to conduct a quantitative risk analysis, you will need high-quality data, a well-developed project model, and a prioritized lists of project risks (usually from performing a qualitative risk analysis).
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.3
질문 # 142
Which of the following is the new technology that has impact on manufacturing sector?
정답：A
설명：
Robots in manufacturing help to create jobs by reshoring more manufacturing work. Robots protect workers from repetitive, mundane and dangerous tasks, while also creating more desirable jobs, such as engineering, programming, management and equipment maintenance.
LO 2, AC 2.1
질문 # 143
Which of the following are major factors when determining the bargaining power of buyers? Select THREE that apply.
정답：B,E,F
질문 # 144
How can a procurement department meet the business needs when purchasing leverage items?
정답：A
설명：
Leverage items are high-value, low-risk goods or services - where buyers have strong bargaining power and can use tactics like competitive tendering to gain favourable terms.
The CIPS L4M2 Study Guide, Chapter 4: Business Case and Sourcing Decisions, describes leverage items using the Kraljic Matrix:
"Leverage items are typically sourced using competitive tendering, framework agreements, and other methods that maximise value from the supply market." Option analysis:
* A. Long-term partnerships - Suitable for strategic or critical items.
* B. Efficient processes - Important but not the key strategy for leverage items.
* C. Call-off contracts - Can be used but apply more to routine items.
* D. Competitive tendering - Correct. A main strategy for exploiting purchasing power.
Correct answer: D
CIPS Study Guide Reference:
* Module: L4M2 - Defining Business Needs
* Chapter 4: Business Case Development
* Section: Sourcing Strategy - Kraljic Matrix
질문 # 145
To strengthen its market presence, ABC Group decided to develop a new product. A cross-functional team was formed to discuss the scope and the functions of the product. They will also survey the potential customers to see what they like, what they love, and what they dislike. What is this process called?
정답：C
설명：
As you can see from the scenario, ABC Group is developing the new product. It might be using value engineering. The latter sentences confirm this: the cross-functional team in ABC is mapping the functions and surveying the customers. Their method is known as Kano model.
질문 # 146
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