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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: File Handling and Exceptions | - Custom Exceptions - Exception Handling (try, except, finally) - Reading and Writing Files |
| Topic 2: Testing and Debugging | - Trace Errors - Unit Testing Concepts - Debugging Techniques |
| Topic 3: Functions | - Parameters and Arguments - Return Values - Scope (local and global) - Function Definition and Call - Recursion |
| Topic 4: Data Structures | - String Manipulation - Tuples - Sets - Lists and List Operations - Dictionaries |
| Topic 5: Object-Oriented Programming | - Attributes and Methods - Encapsulation - Classes and Objects - Inheritance - Constructors (__init__) |
| Topic 6: Control Structures | - Loops (for, while) - Nested Conditionals and Loops - Conditional Statements (if, elif, else) - Loop Control (break, continue, pass) |
| Topic 7: Python Fundamentals | - Variables and Data Types - Operators and Expressions - Input/Output Operations - Type Conversion |
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NEW QUESTION # 25
Fix the off-by-one error in this function that should return the first 3 characters of a string.
def first_three(text):
return text[0:2]
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Step by Step Solution below in Explanation.
Explanation:
Step 1: Python string slicing uses this format:
text[start:stop]
Step 2: The start index is included.
Step 3: The stop index is excluded.
Step 4: To return the first 3 characters, start at index 0 and stop at index 3.
Correct code:
def first_three(text):
return text[0:3]
Simplified correct code:
def first_three(text):
return text[:3]
Example:
print(first_three( " Python " ))
Output:
Pyt
NEW QUESTION # 26
Modify the function greet_with_default(name) by adding a default value of " World " to the name parameter so it can be called with or without an argument.
def greet_with_default(name):
# TODO: Add a default value of " World " to the name parameter
return " Hello " + name
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Step by Step Solution below in Explanation.
Explanation:
Step 1: A default parameter value allows a function to be called even when no argument is provided.
Step 2: The default value should be added in the function header.
Step 3: The parameter name should have the default value " World " .
Correct code:
def greet_with_default(name= " World " ):
return " Hello " + name
Example:
print(greet_with_default())
print(greet_with_default( " Alice " ))
Output:
Hello World
Hello Alice
NEW QUESTION # 27
Which type of loop repeatedly checks a condition to determine whether to continue?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Awhile looprepeatedly executes a block of code as long as its condition remains true.
Example:
count = 1
while count < = 3:
print(count)
count += 1
In this example, Python checks the condition count < = 3 before each loop iteration. If the condition is true, the loop continues. When the condition becomes false, the loop stops.
A for loop is usually used to iterate over a sequence, such as a list, string, or range. Python does not have a built-in repeat loop construct.
Therefore, the correct answer isB. while loop.
NEW QUESTION # 28
Which Python data structure allows duplicate values and supports methods like append() and remove()?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A list is a Python data structure that can store multiple values. Lists can contain duplicate values, and they support methods such as append() and remove().
Example:
fruits = [ " apple " , " banana " , " apple " ]
fruits.append( " orange " )
fruits.remove( " banana " )
print(fruits)
Output:
[ ' apple ' , ' apple ' , ' orange ' ]
The value " apple " appears more than once, showing that lists allow duplicates.
The official Python documentation lists list.append() as a method that adds an item to the end of a list and list.
remove() as a method that removes the first matching value from a list.
Therefore, the correct answer is C. List.
NEW QUESTION # 29
Write a complete function calculate_average(grades) that takes a list of grades and returns the average as a float.
For example, calculate_average([85, 92, 78]) should return 85.0.
def calculate_average(grades):
# TODO: Calculate and return the average grade as a float
pass
Answer:
Explanation:
See the Step by Step Solution below in Explanation.
Explanation:
Step 1: The function receives one parameter named grades, which is a list of numbers.
Step 2: Use sum(grades) to add all the grades together.
Step 3: Use len(grades) to count how many grades are in the list.
Step 4: Divide the total by the number of grades.
Correct code:
def calculate_average(grades):
return sum(grades) / len(grades)
Example:
print(calculate_average([85, 92, 78]))
Output:
85.0
NEW QUESTION # 30
......
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