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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Layer 2 Bridging and VLANs | 8-12% | - Bridging concepts - VLANs and trunking - Service provider switching features |
| Topic 2: Spanning Tree Protocols | 8-12% | - BPDU and protection features - STP, RSTP, MSTP, VSTP - Configuration and convergence - Port roles and states |
| Topic 3: Protocol-Independent Routing | 10-15% | - Martian addresses - Routing instances and RIB groups - Filter-based forwarding - Load balancing - Static, aggregate, and generated routes |
| Topic 4: IPv6 | 8-12% | - Address types and format - OSPFv3 and BGP for IPv6 - Static and dynamic routing - Autoconfiguration |
| Topic 5: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) | 20-25% | - Configuration and troubleshooting - IBGP and EBGP - Path selection and attributes - Policy and route filtering - Basic operation and message types |
| Topic 6: Tunnels | 5-8% | - Tunnel configuration and usage - GRE and IP-IP tunnels |
| Topic 7: Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) | 12-18% | - Terminology and forwarding - Configuration and monitoring - Segment routing basics - Labels and LIB - LDP and RSVP |
| Topic 8: Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) | 10-15% | - Configuration and monitoring - PDUs and TLVs - Metrics and wide metrics - Adjacencies and levels |
| Topic 9: Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) | 15-20% | - Configuration and troubleshooting - LSA types and operation - Areas and router types - Link-state database |
| Topic 10: High Availability | 5-8% | - Nonstop active routing - NSR and GRES concepts - Graceful restart |
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問題 #42
Exhibit:
Referring to the exhibit, R1 is advertising prefix 203.0.113.0/24 to R2 over EBGP. R2 is configured to advertise this prefix into IBGP. R3 receives the 203.0.113.0/24 route, however the route is hidden.
Which configuration statement do you need to add to R2 to solve this problem?
答案：A
解題說明：
In Juniper Networks Junos OS, a "hidden" route in the BGP table typically signifies that the router has received the prefix but cannot install it into the active routing table because theBGP next hop is unreachable
. This is a common occurrence in service provider environments when transitioning betweenExternal BGP (EBGP)andInternal BGP (IBGP).
According to Juniper technical documentation, when an EBGP speaker (R1) advertises a prefix to its peer (R2), it sets the next hop to its own interface IP address ($172.16.10.1$). By default, when R2 re-advertises that prefix to its IBGP peer (R3), itpreserves the original EBGP next-hop address. Unless R3 has a specific route in its Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) or a static route to reach the $172.16.10.1$ subnet, it will mark the route as unusable (hidden).
In the exhibit, the show route output onR3explicitly shows the nexthop for $203.0.113.0/24$ as
$172.16.10.1$. Since this route is marked "hidden," we can conclude R3 does not know how to reach R2's external peering link. To resolve this, the network administrator must modify the next-hop attribute before the route is sent to R3.
By adding the statementset policy-options policy-statement export-to-ibgp then next-hop self(Option B) on routerR2, R2 will replace the external next-hop ($172.16.10.1$) with its own internal peering address ($172.16.20.1$) before advertising the route to R3. Because R3 already has a direct or IGP connection to R2's internal address, it will successfully resolve the next hop, and the route will transition from "hidden" to
"active."
Option A is unnecessary because the route is already being exported; Option C is redundant as the policy is already applied to the IBGP group; and Option D changes path preference but does not solve the underlying reachability problem.
問題 #43
Which BGP attribute is optional, transitive, and is passed unchanged to other BGP peers if not recognized?
答案：C
解題說明：
BGP attributes are categorized into four distinct types based on how they are handled by a BGP speaker:Well- known mandatory,Well-known discretionary,Optional transitive, andOptional non-transitive.
Understanding these categories is essential for traffic engineering and ensuring consistent policy across an Autonomous System.
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, theCommunityattribute is classified as anoptional transitiveattribute. The term "optional" implies that a BGP implementation is not required to support or recognize the attribute. However, because it is "transitive," if a Juniper router receives an update containing a community tag that it does not recognize or has no specific policy for, it must accept the attribute and pass it along to other BGP peers unchanged. This ensures that community-based policies can be signaled across intermediate ASes that may not be configured to act upon those specific tags.
In contrast:
* Origin (Option A)andAS Path (Option B)arewell-known mandatoryattributes. Every BGP update must include these, and every BGP-compliant router must recognize them.
* MED (Option D)(Multi-Exit Discriminator) is anoptional non-transitiveattribute. If a router receives a MED and advertises that route to an EBGP peer, the MED is typically stripped away (unless specific configurations like path-selection cisco-non-deterministic are used), as it is intended only to influence the immediate neighboring AS.
The Community attribute (defined in RFC 1997) is a powerful tool in Junos OS, often used for tagging routes to trigger specific routing policies, such as setting local preference or identifying the geographic origin of a prefix. By being transitive, it allows for sophisticated administrative control across complex multi-provider environments.
問題 #44
Click the Exhibit button. You must configure the router called ROUTER_1 to take all valid prefixes learned from internal BGP peers in AS 64523, and then re-advertise them to other internal BGP peers in the same autonomous system.
Referring to the exhibit, which configuration must you deploy on ROUTER_1 to accomplish this task?
答案：C
解題說明：
To re-advertise routes learned from iBGP peers to other iBGP peers within the same AS, ROUTER_1 must act as a route reflector. On Junos, enabling route reflection is done by configuring a cluster ID under the internal BGP group. The cluster ID uniquely identifies the route- reflector cluster and allows ROUTER_1 to reflect iBGP-learned routes to its other iBGP neighbors.
問題 #45
You must ensure that your routing platform with redundant REs continues to forward packets, even if one RE fails. Which technology would you use to accomplish this task?
答案：C
解題說明：
For Juniper platforms equipped with dualRouting Engines (REs), the fundamental technology required to provide high availability during a hardware or software failure of the primary RE isGraceful Routing Engine Switchover (GRES).
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, GRES allows the backup RE to stay in a "hot" standby state. When GRES is enabled, the primary RE synchronizes critical state information with the backup RE, specifically thechassis stateand theinterface state. This synchronization includes the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) configuration.
When the primary RE fails, the backup RE takes over immediately. Because the PFE (which resides on the line cards) was already synchronized and is not restarted during the switchover, the routercontinues to forward packetsthat are already in flight or part of established flows. This prevents a complete network outage during an RE failover.
Comparison with other options:
* NSB (Non-Stop Bridging - Option A):Focuses specifically on maintaining Layer 2 protocol states (like STP) during a switchover.
* LAG (Link Aggregation - Option B):Provides redundancy for physical links, not the control plane or the RE.
* BFD (Bidirectional Forwarding Detection - Option C):Is a protocol used for rapid detection of link or neighbor failures; it does not protect the RE or maintain forwarding during an internal switchover.
It is important to note that while GRES maintains theforwardingstate, it does not by itself maintain therouting protocolstate (adjacencies). To keep OSPF or BGP sessions from dropping during the switchover, GRES must be paired withNon-Stop Active Routing (NSR). However, as the question focuses on the core requirement of continuing to forward packets,GRESis the foundational technology.
問題 #46
Which BGP attribute is used to detect routing loops?
答案：A
問題 #47
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JN0-364參考資料: https://www.vcesoft.com/JN0-364-pdf.html
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