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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Access Network | - Access network architecture - Quality of Service (QoS) fundamentals - Multicast protocols for video distribution - Optical Line Terminal (OLT) functionality |
| Topic 2: Introduction to Fixed Networks | - Broadband network fundamentals - Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) - FTTH concepts and solutions - Broadband access services - FTTx concepts and solutions |
| Topic 3: Fixed Networks Management | - Nokia SDAN solution - NFV and SDN fundamentals - NETCONF and YANG - Altiplano SDAN Controller - Corteca home device controller - IPFIX telemetry collection |
| Topic 4: Home Network | - Home network connectivity - Home network devices - Wi-Fi fundamentals - Home network device management |
| Topic 5: Broadband Services | - Lightspan service components - IPTV services - Voice services - Intent mapping to network layers - Intent-Based Networking (IBN) - High-speed Internet services - Value-added and triple-play services |
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NEW QUESTION # 39
Where should multicast traffic ideally be replicated in a bandwidth-efficient access network?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Multicast is bandwidth-efficient because one stream can be transported across shared network sections and replicated only where paths diverge toward interested receivers. Routers and multicast-aware switching functions use membership and forwarding information to determine which interfaces require a copy. This approach avoids sending a separate end-to-end unicast stream for every viewer and avoids flooding the content to subscribers who did not join the group. IGMP reports communicate receiver membership on IPv4 access networks, while IGMP snooping helps Layer 2 devices restrict forwarding to appropriate ports. Replicating content for every possible subscriber at the source would remove much of multicast's scaling advantage. Likewise, transmitting every stream on every access port would waste bandwidth and could expose receivers to large amounts of unwanted traffic.
NEW QUESTION # 40
In an IPFIX deployment, which component observes traffic and sends flow records to a receiving system?
Answer: C
Explanation:
An IPFIX exporting process observes traffic at an observation point, creates flow records, and sends those records to an IPFIX collecting process. Templates describe the fields contained in the exported records, allowing the collector to interpret information such as source and destination addresses, transport ports, protocol identifiers, counters, and timestamps. The collector can store and analyze these records for traffic visibility, capacity planning, troubleshooting, accounting, or security analysis. IPFIX does not permanently store all collected information on the exporting network device. A passive optical splitter cannot inspect or export traffic because it has no active processing functions. An 802.1X supplicant participates in access authentication, while a SIP registrar maintains information used to locate SIP users or endpoints.
NEW QUESTION # 41
Which connection is normally used by a Fixed Wireless Access indoor gateway to reach the service provider's access network?
Answer: B
Explanation:
A Fixed Wireless Access indoor gateway normally uses a 4G or 5G radio connection to reach the service provider's mobile or fixed-wireless access network. Inside the home, the gateway can provide Ethernet and Wi-Fi connectivity to subscriber devices. This separates the wide-area access technology from the in-home distribution technology: cellular radio connects the premises to the operator, while Wi-Fi connects local user devices. A DSLAM is associated with copper-based DSL access, and a passive optical splitter belongs to a PON deployment. A subtending interface connects access nodes rather than a subscriber gateway to a radio network. Depending on the deployment, the FWA gateway may also be remotely provisioned and monitored using an external management platform and standardized CPE-management mechanisms.
NEW QUESTION # 42
Within the ETSI NFV management and orchestration architecture, which functional block manages virtualized compute, storage, and networking resources?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Virtualized Infrastructure Manager manages the compute, storage, and networking resources that form the NFV Infrastructure. Its responsibilities can include allocating resources to virtual workloads, tracking available capacity, and controlling the virtualized environment. The Virtual Network Functions Manager has a different role: it manages the lifecycle of VNF instances, including operations such as instantiation, scaling, updating, and termination. Higher-level NFV orchestration coordinates network services and resources across the NFV environment. A traditional Network Management System can perform fault, configuration, accounting, performance, and security management, but it is not the NFV functional block specifically defined to control virtual infrastructure resources. An ONT is subscriber-premises access equipment and is unrelated to NFV infrastructure resource management.
Batch 2: Questions 11-20
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which of the following statements correctly describes downstream and upstream transmission in a GPON network?
Answer: D
Explanation:
GPON uses different transmission methods in the downstream and upstream directions. In the downstream direction, the OLT sends a continuous stream through the passive optical splitter. This stream reaches every connected ONT, but each ONT processes only the frames intended for it. Encryption can protect subscriber traffic from other ONTs on the same PON. In the upstream direction, several ONTs share the same optical fiber and cannot transmit simultaneously without coordination. The OLT therefore assigns transmission opportunities using Time Division Multiple Access. Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation can adjust these upstream grants according to traffic demand and service requirements. Separate fibers are not required for each subscriber because GPON commonly uses wavelength separation to carry downstream and upstream traffic over the same fiber infrastructure.
NEW QUESTION # 44
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