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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Foundations of Economics | - Scarcity, opportunity cost, and economic reasoning - Market systems and economic models |
| Managerial Economic Decision-Making | - Cost-benefit analysis in business contexts - Risk and uncertainty in global markets |
| Microeconomics for Managers | - Supply and demand analysis - Elasticity and pricing decisions - Market structures and competition |
| Global Economics | - Exchange rates and currency systems - Global economic institutions and trade policy - International trade and comparative advantage |
| Macroeconomic Environment | - Fiscal and monetary policy - GDP, inflation, and unemployment |
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質問 # 110
What is an example of a transaction accounted for in the net exports component of GDP?
正解：A
解説：
Net exports equal exports minus imports. Option C is correct because buying a car from a different country is an import transaction, and imports are included in the net exports calculation as a subtraction. This transaction affects GDP because spending on foreign-produced goods must be removed from domestic production measures. Option A is generally consumption if the food is domestically purchased. Option B is government spending because a member of Congress is paid by the government. Option D is investment because new residential construction is counted as investment in GDP accounting. Net exports help managers understand the role of international trade in national output, currency demand, and market exposure. A country importing more than it exports has negative net exports.
質問 # 111
What does producer surplus measure?
正解：A
解説：
InGlobal Economics for Managers,producer surplusmeasuresthe benefit that sellers receive from participating in a market, making option A the correct answer. Producer surplus represents the difference between the price sellers receive for a good and the minimum price they are willing to accept to produce that good.
This concept reflects the gains to producers from market transactions. At a given market price, some producers are willing to supply goods at lower costs than others. When the market price exceeds a producer's cost of production, that producer earns a surplus. Summing this surplus across all producers yields total producer surplus.
Option B refers to a shortage or surplus condition, not producer surplus. Option C describeseconomic well- being, which is more broadly measured by indicators like GDP or total surplus. Option D definesconsumer surplus, which measures benefits to buyers, not sellers.
Global Economics for Managersemphasizes that producer surplus, together with consumer surplus, forms total economic surplus, a key measure of market efficiency. Policies such as taxes, subsidies, and price controls affect producer surplus by changing prices and quantities.
For managers, understanding producer surplus helps analyze how market prices, costs, and policy interventions affect firm profitability and incentives. Therefore, option A correctly defines producer surplus.
質問 # 112
What is opportunity cost?
正解：C
解説：
InGlobal Economics for Managers,opportunity costis defined asthe lost potential from pursuing one activity at the expense of another, given the available alternatives, making option B correct. Opportunity cost reflects the value of the next best alternative that is foregone when a decision is made.
This concept is central to economic decision making because resources-such as time, capital, and labor-are scarce. Choosing one option necessarily means giving up another. Opportunity cost includes both monetary and non-monetary factors and applies to individuals, firms, and governments alike.
For firms, opportunity cost may involve using capital for one investment rather than another. For consumers, it may involve spending money on one good instead of saving it or purchasing a different good. Managers must account for opportunity costs to make efficient and rational decisions.
Option A refers only to explicit costs, which are incomplete. Options C and D describe different cost and benefit concepts.
Thus, option B correctly defines opportunity cost.
質問 # 113
When supply decreases and demand stays the same, what happens to the equilibrium point of price and quantity? Choose two answers.
正解：C、E
解説：
When supply decreases while demand remains unchanged, the supply curve shifts left. At the original price, there is now less quantity supplied than quantity demanded, creating upward pressure on price. As price rises, consumers reduce quantity demanded until the market reaches a new equilibrium. Option A is correct because equilibrium price increases. Option E is correct because equilibrium quantity decreases. This result often occurs when input costs rise, production disruptions occur, regulation increases production costs, or natural disasters reduce available supply. Options B, C, D, and F contradict the standard supply-and-demand outcome. Managers must understand this relationship because supply disruptions can raise selling prices, reduce sales volume, affect inventory planning, and influence sourcing strategy. The basic result is higher price and lower quantity.
質問 # 114
In which situation is the contender strategy appropriate for responding to multinational enterprises (MNEs)?
正解：D
解説：
InGlobal Economics for Managers, thecontender strategyis appropriate whenindustry pressure to globalize is high, but competitive assets are customized to home markets, making option B correct. This strategy is typically adopted by domestic firms facing strong competition from multinational enterprises (MNEs) in industries that are becoming increasingly global.
High pressure to globalize means that firms must compete on an international scale, often due to global customers, standardized products, or strong foreign competitors. However, when a firm's competitive assets- such as brand reputation, customer relationships, distribution networks, or regulatory knowledge-are deeply rooted in the home market, they are not easily transferable abroad. In this situation, the firm cannot immediately expand internationally without losing its competitive advantage.
Under a contender strategy, firms focus ondefending and strengthening their domestic positionwhile gradually upgrading capabilities to prepare for future global competition. This may involve improving efficiency, investing in technology, forming selective alliances, or learning from foreign competitors operating in the home market.
Option A describes conditions suitable for anextender strategy, where firms can leverage transferable assets internationally. Options C and D reflect low pressure to globalize and are more consistent with defender or dodger strategies rather than contender behavior.
Therefore, option B best captures the conditions under which the contender strategy is applied in response to MNE competition.
質問 # 115
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近年、当社WGUのGlobal-Economics-for-Managersテストトレントは好評を博し、献身的に99％の合格率に達しました。 多くの労働者がより高度な自己改善を進めるための強力なツールとして、当社のGlobal-Economics-for-Managers認定WGU Global Economics for Managers (C211, UZC2)トレーニングは、高度なパフォーマンスと人間中心のテクノロジーに対する情熱を追求し続けています。 さまざまな種類の候補者がGlobal-Economics-for-Managers認定を取得する方法を見つけるために、多くの研究が行われています。 シラバスの変更および理論と実践の最新の進展に応じて、WGU Global Economics for Managers (C211, UZC2)ガイドトレントを修正およびTopexam更新します。
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