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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Implementation & Best Practices | 5% | - Selecting appropriate algorithms and key sizes - Standards and compliance - Common mistakes and vulnerabilities |
| Topic 2: Key Management & Secure Protocols | 10% | - Key generation, storage, exchange, and destruction - Secure protocols: TLS/SSL, IPsec, SSH, PGP - Cryptographic attacks: brute force, birthday, man-in-the-middle |
| Topic 3: Symmetric Encryption | 25% | - Principles and operation - Algorithms: AES, DES, 3DES, Blowfish - Block vs stream ciphers, modes of operation (ECB, CBC, OFB, CFB) - Key generation, distribution, and management challenges |
| Topic 4: Hash Functions & Data Integrity | 15% | - HMAC construction and application - Algorithms: SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-3, MD5 - Properties: collision resistance, one-way function - Uses: integrity checks, password storage, message authentication |
| Topic 5: Cryptography Fundamentals | 20% | - Historical evolution and modern applications - Core goals: confidentiality, integrity, authentication, non-repudiation - Basic terminology: plaintext, ciphertext, algorithm, key |
| Topic 6: Asymmetric Encryption & Public Key Infrastructure | 25% | - PKI components: certificates, CAs, trust models - Certificate lifecycle: creation, validation, revocation - Algorithms: RSA, ECC, Diffie-Hellman - Digital signatures: purpose and process - Principles: public/private key pairs |
>> Introduction-to-Cryptography模擬試験問題集 <<
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質問 # 11
(A security analyst uses a polyalphabetic substitution cipher with a keyword of YELLOW to encrypt a message. Which cipher should be used to encrypt the message?)
正解：A
解説：
A polyalphabetic substitution cipher uses multiple substitution alphabets rather than a single fixed mapping.
The classic cipher that uses a keyword to select shifting alphabets across the message is the Vigenere cipher.
In Vigenere, each plaintext letter is shifted by an amount determined by the corresponding key letter (repeating the keyword as needed). For example, a keyword like "YELLOW" is aligned under the plaintext; each key character defines a Caesar shift (A=0, B=1, ...) applied to the plaintext character, producing ciphertext. This rotation of alphabets across positions makes Vigenere more resistant to simple frequency analysis than monoalphabetic substitution, because the same plaintext letter may encrypt to different ciphertext letters depending on its position relative to the key. The Pigpen cipher is a symbol substitution cipher, Caesar is monoalphabetic with a single shift, and Playfair is a digraph substitution cipher using a 5×5 key square, not the repeating-key polyalphabetic method described. Therefore, the correct cipher is Vigenere.
質問 # 12
(What type of encryption uses different keys to encrypt and decrypt the message?)
正解：D
解説：
Asymmetric encryption (also called public key cryptography) uses a pair of mathematically related keys: a public key and a private key. One key is used to encrypt, and the other is used to decrypt, which is the defining "different keys" property asked in the question. In the common confidentiality use case, a sender encrypts a message using the recipient's public key, and only the recipient can decrypt it using their private key. This solves the key distribution problem inherent in symmetric encryption, where both parties must securely share the same secret key in advance. Asymmetric systems also enable digital signatures: the private key signs (creates a signature) and the public key verifies it, providing authenticity and integrity. Symmetric encryption, by contrast, uses the same shared key for both encryption and decryption (even though internal round keys may exist, it is still one shared secret). "Private key" alone is not a full encryption type, and
"secure" is a generic description rather than a cryptographic category. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
Asymmetric.
質問 # 13
(Why should an asymmetric private key be used to encrypt the digest of an application?)
正解：B
解説：
Digital signing of software typically works by hashing the application (or its manifest) and then using the publisher's private key to create a digital signature over that digest. The private key is used because it is secret and uniquely controlled by the publisher; only the publisher should be able to produce a valid signature.
Verifiers (customers) use the publisher's public key to validate the signature and confirm that the digest matches the software they received. This yields two key properties: integrity (the software hasn't been altered; any modification changes the digest and breaks verification) and authenticity (the signature proves it came from the private-key holder). Option A incorrectly describes symmetric stream encryption. Option C incorrectly generalizes private-key behavior as "block encryption." Option D is wrong because verification uses the public key, not a private key; also, "encrypting with private key" in this context is better understood as signing, not confidentiality encryption. Therefore, the correct rationale is that the asymmetric private key is used to sign the file's digest so the corresponding public key can verify integrity and authenticity.
質問 # 14
(Which encryption mode is known for supporting parallel processing?)
正解：C
解説：
ECB (Electronic Codebook) mode encrypts each block independently with the same key, which makes it naturally amenable to parallel processing: multiple blocks can be encrypted or decrypted simultaneously because there is no chaining dependency between blocks. This is in contrast to CBC encryption, where each plaintext block is XORed with the previous ciphertext block, creating a dependency that prevents straightforward parallelization of encryption (though CBC decryption can be parallelized because ciphertext blocks are already known). Feedback modes like CFB and OFB generate keystream material sequentially, where each step depends on the previous state, limiting parallelism. While ECB's parallelism is an implementation advantage, it is widely discouraged for most real data because it leaks patterns-identical plaintext blocks produce identical ciphertext blocks. Modern systems prefer parallel-friendly and secure modes such as CTR or GCM, but among the listed options, the mode most known for parallel processing is ECB due to block independence. Therefore, the correct answer is Electronic Codebook (ECB).
質問 # 15
(Why did the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) choose Ascon for lightweight cryptography?)
正解：A
解説：
NIST's lightweight cryptography effort targets environments like IoT and embedded systems where CPU, memory, energy, and bandwidth are constrained, yet strong security is still required. Ascon is an authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) family designed to be efficient in both hardware and software with small footprint, making it well-suited for constrained devices. NIST selected Ascon because it offers a strong security design with good performance and implementability under tight resource budgets, while providing modern protections (confidentiality + integrity) through AEAD. That aligns with option C: secure and efficient encryption for resource-constrained devices. The selection was not primarily about authenticating users (that is typically handled by protocols and identity systems, not an AEAD primitive). It was also not mainly about legacy compatibility; lightweight cryptography aims at new and constrained deployments rather than preserving outdated stacks. And while Ascon can certainly be used to protect data at rest, that is only one application; the core reason for the choice is its suitability for constrained environments and robust, efficient authenticated encryption.
質問 # 16
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WGUのIntroduction-to-Cryptography練習資料を使用すると、確認と準備に多くの時間と労力を費やす必要がありません。 誰にとっても、時間は貴重です。 オフィスワーカーと母親は仕事や家で非常に忙しいです。 学生は勉強や他のものを持っているかもしれません。Topexam Introduction-to-Cryptographyガイドトレントを使用すると、Introduction-to-Cryptography試験に合格してIntroduction-to-Cryptography証明書を取得するための主要な知識を習得するために少しの時間を費やすだけです。 WGU Introduction to Cryptography HNO1試験の問題を勉強するのに20〜30時間を費やすと、Introduction-to-Cryptography試験に簡単に合格できることが証明されています。
Introduction-to-Cryptography資格認定: https://www.topexam.jp/Introduction-to-Cryptography_shiken.html
P.S.TopexamがGoogle Driveで共有している無料の2026 WGU Introduction-to-Cryptographyダンプ：https://drive.google.com/open?id=1CPBprb-1RW-Hed8F0638wabWXzXEHPLM