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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Secondary Assessment | 5–9% | - Focused history and physical exam - Symptom assessment and history taking - Vital signs and monitoring |
| Topic 2: Primary Assessment | 39–43% | - Identification and management of life-threatening conditions - Initial patient assessment - Airway, breathing, and circulation management - General patient impression and priority determination |
| Topic 3: Scene Size-Up and Safety | 15–19% | - Hazard recognition and management - Scene assessment and safety protocols - Mechanism of injury / nature of illness |
| Topic 4: Patient Treatment and Transport | 20–24% | - Medication administration and protocols - Patient packaging and transport procedures - Communication with receiving facilities - Medical and trauma care interventions |
| Topic 5: EMS Operations | 10–14% | - EMS system roles and responsibilities - Emergency vehicle operations and safety - Incident command and multiple-casualty situations - Documentation and legal aspects |
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NEW QUESTION # 116
An 8-year-old female is drooling, incontinent, and her eyes are watery. Her father tells you that she was playing in the garden. You should suspect
Answer: D
Explanation:
This question is pointing you toward recognizing a toxidrome , specifically the cholinergic toxidrome . The key symptoms here- drooling, watery eyes (lacrimation), and incontinence -are classic findings associated with organophosphate exposure , which is commonly found in pesticides used in gardens.
A helpful EMT memory aid is "SLUDGE" (Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation, Gastrointestinal upset, Emesis). This patient already shows multiple SLUDGE signs, which strongly indicates organophosphate poisoning .
So when you see a patient with excessive secretions + exposure to a garden/chemicals , the correct suspicion is organophosphate poisoning .
NEW QUESTION # 117
An 86-year-old patient involved in a motor vehicle collision struck a knee on the dashboard. What injuries are most associated with the knee impacting the dashboard? Select the two answer options that are correct.
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
The correct answers are B. Femur fracture and E. Posterior hip dislocation.
This mechanism is classically known as a "dashboard injury", where the knee strikes the dashboard during a motor vehicle collision. The force is transmitted along the femur toward the hip.
Why B is correct (Femur fracture):
The force applied to the knee travels up the femur, which can result in:
Femoral shaft fractures
Significant internal bleeding
NREMT trauma guidance states:
"High-energy impacts to the lower extremities can result in femur fractures." Why E is correct (Posterior hip dislocation):
Dashboard injuries commonly cause:
Posterior displacement of the femoral head from the acetabulum
This occurs when the femur is driven backward while the hip is flexed
NREMT-aligned content:
"A blow to the knee in a seated position can result in posterior hip dislocation." Why the other options are incorrect:
A). Tibia fracture: More commonly associated with direct lower leg trauma, not classic dashboard mechanism.
C). Ruptured peritoneum: Not a typical injury from this mechanism.
D). Rupture of the bladder: More associated with pelvic fractures, not isolated dashboard knee impact.
Exact Extracts:
"A dashboard injury can transmit force up the femur causing hip dislocation."
"Posterior hip dislocation is commonly associated with knee impact in MVCs."
"Femur fractures are common in high-energy trauma."
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - Trauma (Musculoskeletal Injuries)
NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP) - Trauma Emergencies Prehospital Emergency Care (EMT) - Mechanisms of Injury and Trauma Assessment
NEW QUESTION # 118
A 58-year-old patient reports chest pain and difficulty breathing after missing their last three hemodialysis treatments. Which of the following signs and symptoms should the EMT suspect to find?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Missing dialysis leads tofluid overload, causing:
* Pulmonary edema, evident bycrackleson auscultation
* Dyspnea and chest discomfort
Bradycardia is less likely; patients more often present withtachycardiadue to volume stress. Fever would suggest infection (not stated here), and hypotension can occur later, but hypertension is more common in early fluid overload.
References:
NREMT Medical Emergencies - Renal and Dialysis Patients
National Kidney Foundation Guidelines - Missed Dialysis and Pulmonary Symptoms AAOS EMT Textbook - Urologic and Fluid Volume Imbalance
NEW QUESTION # 119
A 31-year-old patient has an open femur fracture and an unstable pelvis after falling 15 feet. They are conscious and responsive to verbal stimuli. The vital signs are BP 86/42, P 136, R 24, and SpO# 92% on room air. The patient has which of the following types of shock? Select the two correct options.
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
This is a classic presentation of hypovolemic shock due to traumatic blood loss (open femur fracture, pelvic instability). Indicators include:
* Low BP (86/42) = hypotension
* High pulse (P 136) = compensation
* Mental status decline (responsive only to voice) = indicates decompensated shock Obstructive and distributive shock are not applicable. Compensated shock would show normal BP and alert mental status.
References:
NREMT Shock Management and Trauma Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Hemorrhagic and Non-Hemorrhagic Shock AAOS EMT Textbook - Chapter: Types of Shock
NEW QUESTION # 120
While performing an initial scene size-up at a motor vehicle collision, what should the EMT determine?
Select the three answer options that are correct.
Answer: A,D,F
Explanation:
The correct answers are A. Mechanisms of injury, B. If entrapment occurred, and D. Total number of patients.
During the scene size-up, the EMT performs an initial overview to ensure safety and gather critical information before patient contact. NREMT guidelines emphasize specific elements that must be identified early.
Key components of scene size-up include:
1. Mechanism of Injury (MOI) (A):
Helps predict potential injuries based on how the incident occurred
Essential for determining severity and treatment priorities
2. Entrapment (B):
Determines whether patients are physically trapped
Helps anticipate need for extrication resources and delays in care
3. Number of Patients (D):
Critical for determining if additional resources are needed
Helps identify potential mass-casualty incidents (MCI)
NREMT-aligned references state:
"Scene size-up includes determining the mechanism of injury."
"Identify the number of patients and need for additional resources."
"Determine if extrication or special rescue is required."
Why the other options are incorrect:
C). Severity of the patientsThis is determined during the primary assessment, not initial scene size-up E). Which patients have diedNot part of initial size-up priorities F). Site for loading injured patientsThis is part of incident management/transport decisions, not initial size-up Exact Extracts (NREMT-aligned EMT educational references):
"Determine the mechanism of injury or nature of illness."
"Determine the number of patients."
"Assess the need for additional resources and extrication."
Clinical Priority Summary:
Scene size-up focuses on environmental awareness and resource needs, specifically MOI, patient count, and entrapment, making A, B, and D correct.
References:
NREMT EMT Education Standards - EMS Operations (Scene Size-Up)
NREMT National Continued Competency Program (NCCP)
AAOS Emergency Care and Transportation of the Sick and Injured (NREMT-aligned)
NEW QUESTION # 121
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