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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Application Environment, Configuration and Security | 25% | - ConfigMaps and Secrets - SecurityContexts - ServiceAccounts - Understanding and defining resource requirements, limits and quotas - Understand authentication, authorization and admission control - Discover and use resources that extend Kubernetes (CRD, Operators) |
| Topic 2: Application Design and Build | 20% | - Choose and use the right workload resource (Deployment, DaemonSet, CronJob, etc.) - Understand multi-container Pod design patterns (e.g., sidecar, init and others) - Utilize persistent and ephemeral volumes - Define, build and modify container images |
| Topic 3: Services and Networking | 20% | - Use Ingress rules to expose applications - Provide and troubleshoot access to applications via services - Demonstrate basic understanding of NetworkPolicies |
| Topic 4: Application Deployment | 20% | - Use Kubernetes primitives to implement common deployment strategies (e.g., blue/green or canary) - Understand Deployments and how to perform rolling updates - Use the Helm package manager to deploy existing packages - Kustomize |
| Topic 5: Application Observability and Maintenance | 15% | - Understand API deprecation policies - Debugging in Kubernetes - Use built-in CLI tools to monitor Kubernetes applications - Utilize container logs - Implement probes and health checks |
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NEW QUESTION # 49
Context
Task:
Create a Deployment named expose in the existing ckad00014 namespace running 6 replicas of a Pod. Specify a single container using the ifccncf/nginx: 1.13.7 image Add an environment variable named NGINX_PORT with the value 8001 to the container then expose port 8001
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
NEW QUESTION # 50
You are managing a Kubernetes cluster running a highly-available application that uses a custom resource called 'Orders. The 'orders resource is created and managed by a custom controller that ensures the order processing workflow runs flawlessly. However, the 'order' resource's validation rules have changed, requiring a new schema to be applied. How can you ensure that the existing 'Order' resources conform to the new schema without disrupting the application's functionality?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
I). Define the New Schema:
- Create a new CustomResourceDefinition (CRD) file with the updated schema for the 'Order' resource.
- Ensure that the CRD's 'spec-validation.openAPlV3Schema' field includes all the new validation rules.
2. Update the CRD: - Apply the new CRD definition using 'kubectl apply -f order-crd.yaml'. 3. Create a Webhook for Validation: - Define a webhook in your Kubernetes cluster that will be responsible for validating the 'order' resources against the new schema. - Configure the webhook to be invoked during resource creation and update operations.
4. Deploy the Validation Service: - Create a deployment for the validation service that implements the logic for validating the 'Order' resources against the new schema. - The service should expose an endpoint that the webhook can communicate with.
5. Reconcile Existing Resources: - Once the validation webhook and service are deployed, create a temporary job that iterates through all existing 'Order resources. - The job snould validate each resource against tne new schema and automatically update any resources that do not comply.
By following these steps, you can ensure that your 'order' resources conform to the new schema without disrupting the application's functionality The validation webhook prevents new invalid resources from being created, and the reconciliation job ensures that existing resources are updated to meet the new schema requirements. This approach allows for smooth schema evolution and maintains the consistency of your data.,
NEW QUESTION # 51
You are developing a container image for a .NET Core application tnat requires a specific version of tne .NET Core SDK to be installed. How would you ensure that the correct SDK version is available within your Docker image during the build process?
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below with Step by Step Explanation.
Explanation:
Solution (Step by Step) :
I). Choose .NET SDK Base Image:
- Select a base image that includes the desired .NET Core SDK version from Docker Hub.
- Example (for .NET core 3.1 SDK):
dockerfile
FROM mcr-microsoft.com/dotneVsdk:3.1
2. Copy Application Code:
- Copy your .NET Core application code into the Docker image.
- Example:
dockerfile
COPY
3. Build the Application:
- Use the 'RIJN' instruction to build your .NET Core application using the 'dotnet publish' command.
- Example:
dockerfile
RUN dotnet publish -c Release -o /app
4. Define Runtime Image (Optional):
- Create a second stage Dockerfile that uses a smaller base image, copying only the published application files.
- This optimizes the final image size.
- Example:
dockerfile
FROM mcr-microsoft.com/dotnet/aspnet:3.1
COPY -from=build /app /app
WORKDIR /app
ENTRYPOINT ["dotnet", "your-app.dll"]
5. Build and Deploy:
- Use 'docker build' to construct the final Docker image.
- Deploy this image to your Kubernetes cluster.
NEW QUESTION # 52
Refer to Exhibit.
Set Configuration Context:
[student@node-1] $ | kubectl
Config use-context k8s
Context
A container within the poller pod is hard-coded to connect the nginxsvc service on port 90 . As this port changes to 5050 an additional container needs to be added to the poller pod which adapts the container to connect to this new port. This should be realized as an ambassador container within the pod.
Task
* Update the nginxsvc service to serve on port 5050.
* Add an HAproxy container named haproxy bound to port 90 to the poller pod and deploy the enhanced pod. Use the image haproxy and inject the configuration located at /opt/KDMC00101/haproxy.cfg, with a ConfigMap named haproxy-config, mounted into the container so that haproxy.cfg is available at /usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg. Ensure that you update the args of the poller container to connect to localhost instead of nginxsvc so that the connection is correctly proxied to the new service endpoint. You must not modify the port of the endpoint in poller's args . The spec file used to create the initial poller pod is available in /opt/KDMC00101/poller.yaml
Answer:
Explanation:
Solution:
To update the nginxsvc service to serve on port 5050, you will need to edit the service's definition yaml file. You can use the kubectl edit command to edit the service in place.
kubectl edit svc nginxsvc
This will open the service definition yaml file in your default editor. Change the targetPort of the service to 5050 and save the file.
To add an HAproxy container named haproxy bound to port 90 to the poller pod, you will need to edit the pod's definition yaml file located at /opt/KDMC00101/poller.yaml.
You can add a new container to the pod's definition yaml file, with the following configuration:
containers:
- name: haproxy
image: haproxy
ports:
- containerPort: 90
volumeMounts:
- name: haproxy-config
mountPath: /usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
subPath: haproxy.cfg
args: ["haproxy", "-f", "/usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg"]
This will add the HAproxy container to the pod and configure it to listen on port 90. It will also mount the ConfigMap haproxy-config to the container, so that haproxy.cfg is available at /usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg.
To inject the configuration located at /opt/KDMC00101/haproxy.cfg to the container, you will need to create a ConfigMap using the following command:
kubectl create configmap haproxy-config --from-file=/opt/KDMC00101/haproxy.cfg You will also need to update the args of the poller container so that it connects to localhost instead of nginxsvc. You can do this by editing the pod's definition yaml file and changing the args field to args: ["poller","--host=localhost"].
Once you have made these changes, you can deploy the updated pod to the cluster by running the following command:
kubectl apply -f /opt/KDMC00101/poller.yaml
This will deploy the enhanced pod with the HAproxy container to the cluster. The HAproxy container will listen on port 90 and proxy connections to the nginxsvc service on port 5050. The poller container will connect to localhost instead of nginxsvc, so that the connection is correctly proxied to the new service endpoint.
Please note that, this is a basic example and you may need to tweak the haproxy.cfg file and the args based on your use case.
NEW QUESTION # 53 
Set Configuration Context:
[student@node-1] $ | kubectl
Config use-context k8s
Context
A container within the poller pod is hard-coded to connect the nginxsvc service on port 90 . As this port changes to 5050 an additional container needs to be added to the poller pod which adapts the container to connect to this new port. This should be realized as an ambassador container within the pod.
Task
* Update the nginxsvc service to serve on port 5050.
* Add an HAproxy container named haproxy bound to port 90 to the poller pod and deploy the enhanced pod.
Use the image haproxy and inject the configuration located at /opt/KDMC00101/haproxy.cfg, with a ConfigMap named haproxy-config, mounted into the container so that haproxy.cfg is available at /usr/local/etc
/haproxy/haproxy.cfg. Ensure that you update the args of the poller container to connect to localhost instead of nginxsvc so that the connection is correctly proxied to the new service endpoint. You must not modify the port of the endpoint in poller's args . The spec file used to create the initial poller pod is available in /opt
/KDMC00101/poller.yaml
Answer:
Explanation:
See the solution below.
Explanation:
Solution:
To update the nginxsvc service to serve on port 5050, you will need to edit the service's definition yaml file.
You can use the kubectl edit command to edit the service in place.
kubectl edit svc nginxsvc
This will open the service definition yaml file in your default editor. Change the targetPort of the service to
5050 and save the file.
To add an HAproxy container named haproxy bound to port 90 to the poller pod, you will need to edit the pod's definition yaml file located at /opt/KDMC00101/poller.yaml.
You can add a new container to the pod's definition yaml file, with the following configuration:
containers:
- name: haproxy
image: haproxy
ports:
- containerPort: 90
volumeMounts:
- name: haproxy-config
mountPath: /usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
subPath: haproxy.cfg
args: ["haproxy", "-f", "/usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg"]
This will add the HAproxy container to the pod and configure it to listen on port 90. It will also mount the ConfigMap haproxy-config to the container, so that haproxy.cfg is available at /usr/local/etc/haproxy/haproxy.
cfg.
To inject the configuration located at /opt/KDMC00101/haproxy.cfg to the container, you will need to create a ConfigMap using the following command:
kubectl create configmap haproxy-config --from-file=/opt/KDMC00101/haproxy.cfg You will also need to update the args of the poller container so that it connects to localhost instead of nginxsvc. You can do this by editing the pod's definition yaml file and changing the args field to args:
["poller","--host=localhost"].
Once you have made these changes, you can deploy the updated pod to the cluster by running the following command:
kubectl apply -f /opt/KDMC00101/poller.yaml
This will deploy the enhanced pod with the HAproxy container to the cluster. The HAproxy container will listen on port 90 and proxy connections to the nginxsvc service on port 5050. The poller container will connect to localhost instead of nginxsvc, so that the connection is correctly proxied to the new service endpoint.
Please note that, this is a basic example and you may need to tweak the haproxy.cfg file and the args based on your use case.
NEW QUESTION # 54
......
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