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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: BGP and Routing Policy | - BGP fundamentals
|
| Topic 2: Troubleshooting and Operations | - Performance and monitoring
|
| Topic 3: Service Provider Architecture & Junos Fundamentals | - Service provider network design basics
|
| Topic 4: MPLS and Service Provider Technologies | - VPN services
|
| Topic 5: OSPF and IS-IS Routing Protocols | - OSPF configuration and troubleshooting
|
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NEW QUESTION # 126
Which BGP message type is used to re-advertise routes that have already been sent to a peer and acknowledged using TCP?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), the Update message is used to advertise new routes to a peer or to withdraw previously advertised routes. If there's a change in the routing information or if a new route needs to be advertised, BGP uses an Update message. This message is crucial for maintaining the most current and accurate routing information among BGP peers.
The other message types serve different purposes:
Keepalive: This message type is used to maintain the connection between BGP peers and ensure that the link is still active. Keepalive messages are periodically sent between peers when there is no other BGP activity to maintain the session.
Notification: This message is used to indicate errors or other significant events to a BGP peer. If a BGP error condition is detected, a Notification message is sent and the BGP session is typically closed.
Refresh: This is not a standard BGP message type. However, in the context of BGP, Route Refresh is a capability (not a message type) that allows a BGP router to request a full or partial re-advertisement of routes from a peer. This helps in re-synchronizing routing tables without tearing down the BGP session.
The BGP Update message is used to advertise routable destinations and includes route advertisements, route withdrawals, and path attribute modifications. Update messages are used to re-advertise routes that have already been acknowledged.
NEW QUESTION # 127
Which two statements about graceful restart are correct? (Choose two.)
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
Graceful Restart (GR)is a high-availability mechanism designed to minimize the impact of a routing protocol process (rpd) restart or a Routing Engine (RE) switchover. It allows a router to continue forwarding traffic while the control plane is recovering, provided that the data plane (Packet Forwarding Engine) remains intact.
According to Juniper Networks documentation, Graceful Restart operates in two distinct roles:
* Restarting Mode:This is the role of the router that is actually undergoing the restart. In Junos OS, this mode isnot enabled by default (Option A). An administrator must explicitly configure graceful-restart under the [edit routing-options] hierarchy to allow the router to signal its neighbors that it is attempting a graceful recovery.
* Helper Mode:This is the role of the neighboring routers. When a neighbor sees a router restart, if it is in "helper mode," it will continue to forward traffic toward the restarting router and will not flush the associated routes from its forwarding table for a specified period. In Junos,helper mode is enabled by default (Option B)for most protocols (OSPF, BGP, IS-IS). This means that even if you haven't configured GR on your own router, it will automatically assist its neighbors if they perform a graceful restart.
Why other options are incorrect:
* Option C:WhileGRES (Graceful Routing Engine Switchover)is often usedwithGraceful Restart to handle hardware-level RE failures, they are independent features. GR can function during a simple software process restart without dual REs or GRES.
* Option D:Nonstop Bridging (NSB)is a separate high-availability feature for Layer 2 protocols (like STP). While it shares a similar goal, Graceful Restart is specifically a Layer 3 protocol mechanism (Layer 2 does not use "helper" routers in the same way).
NEW QUESTION # 128
You are evaluating BGP between two Juniper routers and the BGP session is stuck in the Idle state. What would cause this behavior?
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the BGP Finite State Machine (FSM), theIdlestate is the first stage of any BGP connection. When a BGP session is "stuck" in Idle, it typically indicates that the router is unable to even begin the process of establishing a TCP connection with its neighbor. According to Juniper Networks documentation, before BGP can transition to theConnectorActivestates, it must have a valid route to the neighbor's IP address in the routing table and be able to initiate a three-way TCP handshake on port 179.
If thepeer IP address is incorrect(Option D), the router may not have a route to that destination, or it may be attempting to connect to a non-existent or unreachable host. In many Junos configurations, if the underlying IGP (OSPF/IS-IS) or static routing cannot provide reachability to the neighbor address defined in the BGP configuration, the BGP process will remain in the Idle state and periodically retry the connection.
Regarding the other options:
* The local AS number is missing (Option C):In Junos, you cannot commit a BGP configuration if the local autonomous system is not defined at either the [edit routing-options] level or within the BGP group itself. The commit check would fail before the session could even attempt to start.
* The BGP group type (Option B):Having a mismatch in group type (internal vs. external) usually results in the session reaching theOpenSentorOpenConfirmstate before failing due to an
"unacceptable AS" error in the OPEN message.
* BGP hold time (Option A):Issues with hold timers or keepalives generally cause a session that is already in theEstablishedstate to drop; they do not prevent the session from leaving the Idle state.
NEW QUESTION # 129
Click the Exhibit button.
You have configured an MPLS LSP to 192.168.100.3. However, the LSP is in the down state.
Referring to the exhibit, which two actions would solve this problem? (Choose two.)
Answer: B,C
Explanation:
The LSP is using CSPF and the output indicates CSPF cannot build a path because the traffic- engineering database is not available. Enabling OSPF traffic-engineering allows the router to populate the TE database used by CSPF. Alternatively, disabling CSPF forces the LSP to be computed using the normal IGP shortest path, which removes the dependency on the TE database and allows the LSP to come up.
NEW QUESTION # 130
Which LSA type does an OSPF ABR use to advertise external routes generated by an NSSAASBR into the backbone?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In OSPF, an Area Border Router (ABR) that connects to a Not-So-Stubby Area (NSSA) will convert the Type 7 LSAs generated by an NSSA Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR) into Type 5 LSAs to advertise them into the OSPF backbone area (Area 0). Type 7 LSAs are specific to NSSAs and are used to advertise external routes within the NSSA.
NEW QUESTION # 131
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