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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Network Automation and Programmability | - Controller-based networking design - API-driven network automation concepts |
| Network Services Design | - Routing protocols design (OSPF, EIGRP, BGP) - Multicast and QoS design considerations |
| Security Design in Enterprise Networks | - VPN and perimeter security architecture - Segmentation and access control design |
| Enterprise Network Design Principles | - Scalability and high availability design - Design methodologies and best practices |
| Enterprise Campus Network Design | - Spine-leaf and hierarchical design models - Campus LAN architecture |
| WAN and Edge Connectivity Design | - SD-WAN architecture and design considerations - Traditional WAN and internet edge design |
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NEW QUESTION # 104
A network administrator is troubleshooting a DMVPN setup between the hub and the spoke. Which action should the administrator take before troubleshooting the IPsec configuration?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Before troubleshooting IPsec in a DMVPN deployment, the administrator should verify the GRE tunnel operation. DMVPN is built from multipoint GRE, NHRP, routing, and usually IPsec encryption. IPsec protects the tunnel traffic, but the logical tunnel and overlay reachability must be valid first. If the tunnel interface is down, incorrectly addressed, or unable to carry GRE traffic, troubleshooting crypto maps or ISAKMP will waste time because encryption cannot fix a broken overlay. After the GRE tunnel state is validated, the administrator can confirm NHRP registration and resolution, routing adjacencies, and then IPsec security associations. ISAKMP and crypto map troubleshooting are relevant only after basic tunnel operation is known to be correct. NHRP is also critical in DMVPN, but the question asks what to do before troubleshooting IPsec configuration; the first prerequisite is to verify that the GRE tunnel itself is functioning.
This layered troubleshooting order follows Cisco operational practice: confirm transport reachability, then tunnel interface behavior, then NHRP and routing, and finally cryptographic protection.
NEW QUESTION # 105
Refer to the exhibit.
An engineer must design a WAN solution so that ISP-1 is always preferred over ISP-2. The path via ISP-2 is considered as a backup and must be used only when the path to ISP-1 is down. Which solution must the engineer choose?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The best design is the option that prefers ISP-1 for both outbound and inbound traffic while keeping ISP-2 available as a backup. For outbound traffic from the enterprise, local preference is the correct BGP attribute because it is evaluated inside the local AS and higher local preference wins. R1 should assign a high local preference to routes learned from ISP-1, while R2 should assign a low local preference to routes learned from ISP-2. For inbound traffic from the Internet toward the enterprise, AS-path prepending is the practical signal sent to external networks. Advertising routes to ISP-1 with no prepending and routes to ISP-2 with five prepends makes the ISP-1 path look shorter and therefore more attractive. The R1-to-R2 internal advertisements should not be blocked by NO-ADVERTISE because each edge router must still share reachability internally for failover. Option B matches these controls without unnecessarily suppressing routes between the edge routers. Reference topics: BGP local preference, AS-path prepending, active/backup Internet design, inbound and outbound path control.
NEW QUESTION # 106
In a Cisco SD-Access fabric, switch node Is equivalent to an access layer switch In a traditional three-tier campus network design?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 107
An engineer must design a scalable QoS architecture that allows the separation of the traffic into classes on predefined business requirements. The design must also utilize the differentiated services code points as the QoS priority descriptor value and support at least 10 levels of classification. Which QoS technology should the engineer include in the design?
Answer: A
Explanation:
DiffServ is the correct scalable QoS architecture for classifying traffic according to business requirements and using DSCP values as the priority descriptor. Cisco QoS design distinguishes DiffServ from IntServ. IntServ uses per-flow signaling with RSVP and can reserve resources, but that model is not operationally scalable across large enterprise networks. DiffServ is class-based. Traffic is classified and marked at the network edge, then each device applies per-hop behavior to those classes using local QoS policy. DSCP provides a six-bit field in the IP header, which supports more than ten classification values and allows standardized treatment classes such as EF, AF, class selector, and default. Best effort provides no differentiated treatment, and RSVP is a signaling mechanism associated with IntServ rather than the requested scalable class-based architecture.
"Interserv" is not the correct Cisco QoS model term. Therefore, the engineer should design around DiffServ, with a clear trust boundary, marking policy, queuing model, and consistent treatment across WAN and campus boundaries. Reference topics: DiffServ, DSCP, per-hop behavior, class-based QoS, scalable QoS architecture.
NEW QUESTION # 108
An architect is designing how the company will manage the infrastructure of a large data center. The company wants to group device types for security reasons and mitigate DoS attacks. The company also wants to ensure that access to the rest of the production network is not possible if one device is compromised on the management plane. Which solution must the architect choose?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Out-of-band Ethernet is the correct management design for a large data center when the customer wants device grouping, management-plane isolation, and reduced blast radius from compromise. In an out-of-band design, management traffic uses a physically or logically separate management network instead of traversing the production data plane. This allows different device classes to be placed into management zones, protected by access control, authentication, logging, and rate-limiting policies. If one managed device is compromised, the attacker should not automatically gain production network reachability through the management interface.
In-band Ethernet would share the production infrastructure and therefore would not provide the same isolation. Dial-up out-of-band access can be useful for emergency console access, but it is not appropriate as the primary management architecture for a large data center. Out-of-band Ethernet provides scale, speed, and segmentation while still allowing centralized management systems to reach routers, switches, controllers, and appliances. Reference topics: out-of-band management, management-plane security, data-center operations, isolation, access control, DoS mitigation.
NEW QUESTION # 109
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