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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Topic 1: Project and Operations Scheduling | - Scheduling Techniques - Project Management Basics |
| Topic 2: Process Design and Analysis | - Process Mapping and Flow - Capacity Planning and Bottlenecks |
| Topic 3: Operations Management Foundations | - Introduction to Operations and Productivity - Operations Strategy and Competitiveness |
| Topic 4: Supply Chain and Inventory Management | - Inventory Models and Control Systems - Just-in-Time (JIT) and Lean Operations - Supply Chain Design and Logistics |
| Topic 5: Forecasting and Planning | - Aggregate Planning - Demand Forecasting Methods |
| Topic 6: Quality Management | - Six Sigma and Continuous Improvement - Total Quality Management (TQM) |
>> Operations-Management시험대비 <<
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질문 # 42
Which two capacity measurement concepts should a firm consider when conducting a location analysis?
Choose 2 answers
정답：A,D
설명：
When conducting a location analysis, firms must considerproximity to sources of supplyandsite considerationsas key capacity-related factors.
Proximity to sources of supplyaffects:
* Transportation cost and reliability
* Lead times
* Inventory requirements
* Production continuity
Reliable supply access directly influences effective capacity by reducing disruptions and variability.
Site considerationsinclude:
* Land availability and cost
* Infrastructure and utilities
* Expansion potential
* Zoning and regulatory constraints
These factors determine how much capacity can be installed, expanded, and operated efficiently over time.
The other options are less relevant:
* Throughput time is a process performance metric
* Employee relations are important but not capacity measurement concepts Operations Management emphasizes that capacity decisions are long-term and capital-intensive. Poor location choices constrain future capacity, flexibility, and growth.
질문 # 43
Which term means to schedule a job that starts immediately, regardless of the due date?
정답：C
설명：
Forward schedulingmeans scheduling workas soon as resources are available, regardless of the job's due date.
In Operations Management:
* Forward scheduling starts at the current time
* Jobs are scheduled sequentially into the future
* Completion dates are determined after scheduling
This method is commonly used when:
* Capacity utilization is the priority
* Due dates are flexible
* Make-to-stock environments exist
In contrast:
* Backward schedulingstarts from the due date and works backward
* Finite loadingrespects capacity limits
* Infinite loadingignores capacity constraints
Forward scheduling ensures continuous resource use but may result in early job completion and higher inventory levels.
질문 # 44
In which organizational layout would one expect to see items arranged by type?
정답：C
설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Aprocess layoutarranges itemsby type of activity or function, making it the correct answer.
In a process layout, similar resources-such as machines, skills, or functions-are grouped together. For example, all drilling machines are located in one area, all painting stations in another, and all inspection activities in another. Items move through the facility based on the specific operations they require.
This layout is commonly used when:
* Product variety is high
* Production volume is low to moderate
* Customization is required
Examples include hospitals (radiology, surgery, labs), machine shops, and repair facilities.
The other layouts differ fundamentally:
* Product layoutarranges items by sequence of operations
* Fixed layoutkeeps the product stationary (e.g., construction)
* Hybrid layoutcombines elements of process and product layouts
Operations Management favors process layouts for flexibility, but they often suffer from longer lead times, higher material handling costs, and complex scheduling. Despite these drawbacks, they are essential where customization and functional specialization dominate.
질문 # 45
Which concept of variation measures the central tendency of a set of data?
정답：D
설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation (#250 words):
Themeanis the statistical measure that represents thecentral tendencyof a set of data.
In quality management and statistical process control (SPC), the mean indicates theaverage performance level of a process. It is calculated by summing all observed values and dividing by the number of observations.
In Operations Management, understanding central tendency is essential because:
* It defines the process target or expected output
* It serves as the reference point for evaluating variation
* It is used to establish control limits in control charts
Other options measure different aspects of variation:
* Rangemeasures dispersion between the highest and lowest values
* Standard deviationmeasures variability around the mean
* Variableis a generic term, not a measurement
TQM emphasizes not only achieving a desired mean but alsoreducing variability around it. A process can have the correct average output yet still produce defects if variation is excessive.
The mean is therefore foundational in quality analysis, process capability assessment, and continuous improvement initiatives. It helps managers understand whether processes are centered on customer specifications.
질문 # 46
What are two reasons a company might be hesitant to provide overtime as a capacity-based option?
Choose 2 answers
정답：A,D
설명：
Companies may hesitate to use overtime becauseit is not a long-term solutionandit carries a wage premium
, typically around50% higher than regular pay.
Overtime can quickly increase capacity, but prolonged use leads to:
* Employee fatigue
* Quality deterioration
* Increased absenteeism
* Higher error rates
Additionally, overtime raises labor costs substantially, increasing unit production cost and reducing profitability.
The incorrect options are misleading:
* Overtime does not necessarily build excess inventory
* Overtime increases, not decreases, labor cost per unit
Operations Management views overtime as atemporary capacity buffer, appropriate for short demand spikes but risky if used continuously.
질문 # 47
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