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| Certification Vendor: | EC-Council |
|---|---|
| Exam Name: | EC-Council Digital Forensics Essentials (DFE) |
| Exam Number: | 112-57 |
| Available Languages: | English |
| Recommended Training: | EC-Council Digital Forensics Essentials Training |
| Exam Registration: | EC-Council Official Certification Page |
| Sample Questions: | EC-COUNCIL 112-57 Sample Questions |
| Exam Way: | Online, self-paced training with assessment (EC-Council iLearn platform or authorized delivery partners) |
| Pre Condition: | No formal prerequisites required; basic understanding of cybersecurity is recommended. |
| Official Syllabus URL: | https://www.eccouncil.org/programs/digital-forensics-essentials-dfe/ |
Our EC-Council Digital Forensics Essentials (DFE) (112-57) practice exam software will record all the attempts you have made in the past and display any modifications or improvements made in each attempt. This Prepare for your EC-Council Digital Forensics Essentials (DFE) (112-57) exam simulation software enables you to track your progress and quantify how much you have improved.
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NEW QUESTION # 18
Michael, a forensic expert, was assigned to investigate an incident that involved unauthorized intrusion attempts. In this process, Michael identified all the open ports on a system and disabled them because these open ports can allow attackers to install malicious services and compromise the security of the system or network.
Which of the following commands assisted Michael in identifying open ports in the above scenario?
Answer: D
Explanation:
To identifyopen ports, investigators need a method that actively checks which TCP/UDP ports on a host are accepting connections. The commandnmap -sT localhostperforms aTCP Connect scanagainst the local system. In a connect scan, Nmap uses the operating system's normal networking API to attempt a full TCP three-way handshake to each targeted port. If the handshake completes, the port is reported asopen; if it is refused, it isclosed; and if filtered by firewall rules, it may appearfiltered. This directly supports Michael's objective of enumerating open ports so they can be reviewed and disabled to reduce the attack surface and prevent malicious services from being installed.
The other options do not enumerate open ports in the same way.netstat -ishows interface-level statistics (packets, errors) rather than listing listening services.netstat -rndisplays the routing table (routes and gateways), which helps understand network paths but not which ports are open.ifconfig <interface> -promisc relates to enabling/disabling promiscuous mode on an interface for packet capture, not port discovery.
Therefore, the command that assisted in identifying open ports isnmap -sT localhost (C).
NEW QUESTION # 19
Which of the following Tor relay nodes in the Tor circuit is designed to transfer data in an encrypted format?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In a standard Tor circuit, a client typically builds a three-hop path:Entry/Guard # Middle # Exit. Tor uses onion routing, where the client wraps the payload in multiple encryption layers-one for each hop. Each relay removes (decrypts) only its own layer to learn thenext hop, but not the complete route or the original payload in the clear. Themiddle relayis specifically positioned toforward traffic between the entry/guard and the exit while it remains onion-encrypted end-to-end within the Tor network. Because it neither connects to the user's local network (like the entry/guard) nor to the public destination (like the exit), its primary role isencrypted transit/forwarding, helping break the linkage between source and destination. By contrast, theexit relayis where traffic leaves Tor; unless the application layer uses TLS/HTTPS, the exit may deliver data to the destination inunencryptedform on the open Internet. Theentry/guardprotects against certain traffic-correlation risks by being stable, but it is not uniquely "the" encrypted-transfer node. Therefore, the best single answer isMiddle relay (D).
NEW QUESTION # 20
A government organization decided to establish a computer forensics lab to perform transparent investigation processes on highly sensitive cases. The organization also decided to establish strong physical security around the premises of the forensics lab.
Which of the following security measures helps the organization in providing strong physical security to the forensics lab?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Forensics labs handling highly sensitive investigations must protect evidence confidentiality and prevent unauthorized disclosure. Strong physical security includes not only access control and surveillance, but also protections againstelectromagnetic (EM) emanationrisks. Computers and displays can unintentionally emit electromagnetic signals that, under certain conditions, may be intercepted and reconstructed to reveal sensitive information (for example, case notes, recovered evidence content, or credentials). Digital forensics lab design guidance recognizes this as a real threat in high-sensitivity environments and recommendsEM shielding / TEMPEST-style controlswhere appropriate. Shielding workstations reduces the chance of data leakage through side-channel interception and helps ensure that confidential investigative activities cannot be monitored from outside controlled areas.
The other options directly weaken physical security and safety. Fire extinguishers are required for facility safety and risk management, so "never place" them is unsafe and contrary to secure lab standards. Not maintaining an entrance log register undermines chain-of-custody support and accountability by removing a basic access auditing mechanism. "Never keep the lab under surveillance" removes a core deterrent and detection control for unauthorized entry, evidence tampering, and theft. Therefore, shielding workstations from transmitting electromagnetic signals is the only option thatstrengthensphysical security for a sensitive forensics lab.
NEW QUESTION # 21
Which of the following techniques is defined as the art of hiding data "behind" other data without the target's knowledge, thereby hiding the existence of the message itself?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Steganographyis the technique of concealing a messagewithin another seemingly harmless carrier(such as an image, audio file, video, or document) so that theexistence of the hidden message is not apparentto an observer. Digital forensics references distinguish steganography from encryption: encryption scrambles content but usually leaves visible indicators that protected data exists (ciphertext), while steganography aims to make the communication look ordinary, reducing suspicion. In practice, steganographic methods often embed data into redundant or less perceptible parts of the carrier, such as modifying least significant bits in pixel values, altering frequency components in audio, or inserting data into metadata or unused file structures.
The other options do not match the definition.Password crackingis an access technique to recover authentication secrets, not a concealment method.Artifact wipingis an anti-forensics method intended to remove traces (logs, files, slack space remnants), but it does not "hide behind" other data-it destroys or overwrites evidence.Program packerscompress/obfuscate executables to hinder static analysis and detection, but they still produce an executable whose presence is evident; they do not primarily hide messages inside benign files. Therefore, the described "hiding the existence of the message itself" corresponds toSteganography (C).
NEW QUESTION # 22
Bob, a forensic investigator, was instructed to review a Windows machine and identify any anonymous activities performed using it. In this process, Bob used the command "netstat -ano" to view all the active connections in the system and determined that the connections established by the Tor browser were closed.
Which of the following states of the connections established by Tor indicates that the Tor browser is closed?
Answer: D
Explanation:
In Windows network forensics,netstat -anois commonly used to correlateTCP connection stateswithprocess identifiers (PIDs)to understand which application created or used a connection. When Tor Browser is actively communicating, outbound circuits typically appear asESTABLISHEDconnections to Tor relays (entry/guard nodes) or local loopback endpoints used by Tor components. After the browser is closed and the application tears down connections, Windows TCP/IP behavior often leaves recently closed sockets inTIME_WAIT.
TIME_WAITis a normal TCP state that appears after a connection has been actively closed. It exists to ensure delayed packets from the old session are not misinterpreted as belonging to a new session and to allow proper retransmission of the final ACK if needed. From an investigative standpoint, seeing Tor-related endpoints transition from ESTABLISHED toTIME_WAITstrongly indicates the sessions were terminated and the application is no longer maintaining live network traffic.
By contrast,CLOSE_WAITusually means the remote side has closed but the local application has not fully closed its socket yet,LISTENINGindicates a service waiting for inbound connections, andESTABLISHEDmeans the session is still active. Therefore,TIME_WAIT (B)best indicates Tor Browser connections have been closed.
NEW QUESTION # 23
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