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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
| Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
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NEW QUESTION # 348
場景3：NightCore是一家總部位於美國的跨國科技公司，專注於電子商務、雲端運算、數位串流媒體和人工智慧。在實施資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 8 個多月後，他們聘請了認證機構進行第三方審核，以獲得 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。
認證機構成立了一個由七名審核員組成的團隊。傑克是最有經驗的審核員，被任命為審核組組長。多年來，他獲得了許多知名認證，例如 ISO/IEC 27001 首席審核員、CISA、CISSP 和 CISM。
Jack 透過研究和評估 NightCore 實施的每項資訊安全要求和控制，對 ISMS 審查的每個階段進行了全面分析。在第二階段審核期間。傑克發現了一些不合格項。在將購買的軟體許可證發票數量與軟體庫存進行比較後，傑克發現該公司的許多電腦一直在使用非法版本的軟體。他決定要求高階主管對這項違規行為做出解釋，看看他們是否意識到這一點。他的下一步是審計 NightCore 的 IT 部門。高層指派 NightCore 的系統管理員 Tom 擔任指導，陪伴 Jack 和稽核團隊了解系統和數位資產基礎設施的內部運作。
在採訪財務部的一名成員時，審計人員發現該公司最近向其一名顧問進行了一些不尋常的大額交易。收集有關交易的所有必要詳細資訊後。傑克決定直接訪問高階主管。
在討論第一個不合格項時，高階主管告訴傑克，他們願意決定使用複製軟體而不是原始軟體，因為它更便宜。 Jack向NightCore的高層解釋說，使用非法版本的軟體違反了ISO/IEC 27001和國家法律法規的要求。然而，他們似乎對此感到滿意。
在審計幾個月後，Jack 將他在審計期間收集的一些 NightCore 資訊出售給了 NightCore 的競爭對手，以獲取巨額資金。
根據該場景，回答以下問題：
當傑克發現有關軟體的第一個不合格項時，他收集了哪些類型的審核證據？請參閱場景 3。
Answer: C
Explanation:
Jack collected mathematical evidence when he identified nonconformities by comparing the number of purchased invoices for software licenses with the software inventory. This type of evidence involves numerical, quantifiable data that highlights discrepancies and supports findings of compliance or non- compliance.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013 Standard, general guidelines on auditing
NEW QUESTION # 349
選出最能完成句子的單字：
要使用最佳單字完成句子，請按一下要完成的空白部分，使其以紅色突出顯示，然後從下面的選項中按一下適用的文字。或者，您可以將該選項拖曳到適當的空白部分。
Answer:
Explanation:
Explanation:
* A third-party audit team leader is a person who leads an audit team that conducts audits on behalf of an external organization, such as a certification body, that provides certification or accreditation services to other organizations12.
* One of the main responsibilities of a third-party audit team leader is to act on behalf of the certification body, which means to represent its interests, policies, and procedures during the audit process12.
* Acting on behalf of the certification body involves communicating with the audit client and the auditee, planning and conducting the audit, reporting and evaluating the audit results, and making recommendations for certification or accreditation decisions12.
* Acting on behalf of the certification body also requires maintaining professional integrity, impartiality, confidentiality, and competence throughout the audit process12.
References :=
* ISO 19011:2022 Guidelines for auditing management systems
* ISO/IEC 17021-1:2022 Conformity assessment - Requirements for bodies providing audit and certification of management systems - Part 1: Requirements
NEW QUESTION # 350
您是經驗豐富的審核團隊領導，指導審核員進行培訓。
您的團隊目前正在對代表外部客戶儲存資料的組織進行第三方監督審核。接受培訓的審核員的任務是審查適用性聲明 (SoA) 中列出的並在現場實施的實體控制措施。
從以下內容中選擇您希望接受培訓的審核員審查的四項控制措施。
Answer: A,E,F,G
Explanation:
The four controls from the list that are related to PHYSICAL aspects of the ISMS are:
*Access to and from the loading bay
*How power and data cables enter the building
*The operation of the site CCTV and door control systems
*The organisation's arrangements for maintaining equipment
These controls are derived from the ISO 27001 Annex A, which provides a comprehensive list of information security controls that can be applied to an ISMS1. The other controls in the list are more related to ORGANIZATIONAL, LEGAL, or HUMAN aspects of the ISMS, which are also important, but not the focus of this question.
According to the ISMS Auditing Guideline2, the auditor in training should review the PHYSICAL controls by:
*Checking the SoA to identify the applicable controls and their implementation status
*Interviewing the relevant staff and management to verify their understanding and involvement in the controls
*Observing the physical and environmental conditions to confirm the existence and effectiveness of the controls
*Examining the relevant documents and records to validate the compliance and performance of the controls I hope this helps you prepare for the exam. # References: 1: What Are ISO 27001 Controls? A Guide to Annex A | Secureframe; 2: ISMS Auditing Guideline - ISO27000
NEW QUESTION # 351
設想：
Northstorm 是一家線上零售商店，提供獨特的復古和現代配件。它最初進入了一個小型市場，但隨著整個電子商務格局的發展而逐漸發展壯大。 Northstorm 專門在線上工作，確保高效的付款處理、庫存管理、行銷工具和出貨訂單。它採用優先排序來接收、補貨和運送其最受歡迎的產品。
Northstorm 傳統上透過託管其網站並完全控制其基礎架構（包括硬體、軟體和資料管理）來管理其 IT 營運。然而，由於缺乏響應的基礎設施，這種方法阻礙了其發展。為了增強其電子商務和支付系統，Northstorm 選擇擴展其內部資料中心，並在三個月內分兩個階段完成擴建。最初，該公司升級了其核心伺服器、銷售點、訂購、計費、資料庫和備份系統。第二階段涉及改善郵件、付款和網路功能。此外，在此階段，Northstorm 採用了針對個人識別資訊 (PII) 控制者和 PII 處理者的國際標準，以確保其資料處理實務安全並符合全球法規。
儘管進行了擴張，但 Northstorm 升級後的資料中心仍未能滿足其不斷變化的業務需求。這種不足導致了一些新的挑戰，包括訂單優先事項問題。客戶報告未收到優先訂單，且公司難以迅速回應。這主要是因為主伺服器無法處理來自 YouDecide 的訂單，YouDecide 是一款旨在優先處理訂單和模擬客戶互動的應用程式。該應用程式依賴先進的演算法，與升級期間安裝的新作業系統（OS）不相容。
面對緊急的兼容性問題，Northstorm 在沒有經過適當驗證的情況下迅速修補了應用程序，導致安裝了受損版本。這次安全漏洞導致主伺服器受到影響，該公司的網站離線一週。認識到需要更可靠的解決方案，該公司決定將其網站託管外包給電子商務提供者。該公司簽署了有關產品所有權的保密協議，並在過渡之前對使用者存取權限進行了徹底審查，以增強安全性。
根據場景 1，Northstorm 審查了使用者的存取權限。這種安全控制的類型和功能是什麼？
Answer: B
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
Security controls can be classified by type (administrative, technical, physical) and function (preventive, detective, corrective).
A . Detective and administrative - Correct Answer. Reviewing access rights is an administrative control because it involves procedural security measures (such as policy enforcement and auditing). It is also a detective control because it helps identify inappropriate or unauthorized access by auditing and verifying user permissions.
B . Corrective and managerial - Incorrect because reviewing user access rights does not correct an issue but rather detects potential unauthorized access. It is also administrative, not managerial.
C . Legal and technical - Incorrect because reviewing user access rights is an administrative policy-based action, not a legal or technical control.
NEW QUESTION # 352
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核團隊領導，為 ISMS 審核員提供訓練指導。他們被要求對外部提供者進行評估，並準備了一份包含以下活動的清單。他們要求您查看他們的清單，以確認他們提議的行動是適當的。
他們受邀參加的審核是對資料中心的第三方監督審核。資料中心代理是更廣泛的電信集團的一部分。集團內的每個資料中心都運行自己的 ISMS 並持有自己的憑證。
選擇與 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 有關外部提供者的要求相關的三個選項。
Answer: A,C,H
Explanation:
A . I will check the other data centres are treated as external providers, even though they are part of the same telecommunication group. This is appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to ensure that externally provided processes, products or services that are relevant to the information security management system are controlled. Externally provided processes, products or services are those that are provided by any external party, regardless of the degree of its relationship with the organisation. Therefore, the other data centres within the same telecommunication group should be treated as external providers and subject to the same controls as any other external provider12 B . I will ensure external providers have a documented process in place to notify the organisation of any risks arising from the use of its products or services. This is appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to implement appropriate contractual requirements related to information security with external providers. One of the contractual requirements could be the obligation of the external provider to notify the organisation of any risks arising from the use of its products or services, such as security incidents, vulnerabilities, or changes that could affect the information security of the organisation. The external provider should have a documented process in place to ensure that such notification is timely, accurate, and complete12 E . I will ensure the organisation is regularly monitoring, reviewing and evaluating external provider performance. This is appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to monitor, review and evaluate the performance and effectiveness of the externally provided processes, products or services. The organisation should have a process in place to measure and verify the conformity and suitability of the external provider's deliverables and activities, and to provide feedback and improvement actions as necessary. The organisation should also maintain records of the monitoring, review and evaluation results12 F . I will ensure the organisation has determined the need to communicate with external providers regarding the ISMS. This is appropriate because clause 7.4.2 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to determine the need for internal and external communications relevant to the information security management system, including the communication with external providers. The organisation should define the purpose, content, frequency, methods, and responsibilities for such communication, and ensure that it is consistent with the information security policy and objectives. The organisation should also retain documented information of the communication as evidence of its implementation12 The following activities are not appropriate for the assessment of external providers according to ISO 27001:2022:
C . I will ensure that the organisation has a reserve external provider for each process it has identified as critical to preservation of the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of its information. This is not appropriate because ISO 27001:2022 does not require the organisation to have a reserve external provider for each critical process. The organisation may choose to have a contingency plan or a backup solution in case of failure or disruption of the external provider, but this is not a mandatory requirement. The organisation should assess the risks and opportunities associated with the external provider and determine the appropriate treatment options, which may or may not include having a reserve external provider12 D . I will limit my audit activity to externally provided processes as there is no need to audit externally provided products or services. This is not appropriate because clause 8.1.4 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the organisation to control the externally provided processes, products or services that are relevant to the information security management system. Externally provided products or services may include software, hardware, data, or cloud services that could affect the information security of the organisation. Therefore, the audit activity should cover both externally provided processes and products or services, as applicable12 G . I will ensure that top management have assigned roles and responsibilities for those providing external ISMS processes as well as internal ISMS processes. This is not appropriate because clause 5.3 of ISO 27001:2022 requires the top management to assign the roles and responsibilities for the information security management system within the organisation, not for the external providers. The external providers are responsible for assigning their own roles and responsibilities for the processes, products or services they provide to the organisation. The organisation should ensure that the external providers have adequate competence and awareness for their roles and responsibilities, and that they are contractually bound to comply with the information security requirements of the organisation12 H . I will ensure that the organisation ranks its external providers and allocates the majority of its work to those providers who are rated the highest. This is not appropriate because ISO 27001:2022 does not require the organisation to rank its external providers or to allocate its work based on such ranking. The organisation may choose to evaluate and compare the performance and effectiveness of its external providers, but this is not a mandatory requirement. The organisation should select and use its external providers based on the information security criteria and objectives that are relevant to the organisation12 Reference:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2
NEW QUESTION # 353
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