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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Data Security and Governance | 18% | - Apply authentication and authorization
|
| Topic 2: Data Store Management | 26% | - Understand data cataloging
|
| Topic 3: Data Ingestion and Transformation | 34% | - Transform and process data
|
| Topic 4: Data Operations and Support | 22% | - Manage and troubleshoot data processes
|
>> Data-Engineer-Associate Reliable Test Questions <<
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NEW QUESTION # 276
A data engineer needs to securely transfer 5 TB of data from an on-premises data center to an Amazon S3 bucket. Approximately 5% of the data changes every day. Updates to the data need to be regularly proliferated to the S3 bucket. The data includes files that are in multiple formats. The data engineer needs to automate the transfer process and must schedule the process to run periodically.
Which AWS service should the data engineer use to transfer the data in the MOST operationally efficient way?
Answer: A
Explanation:
AWS DataSync is an online data movement and discovery service that simplifies and accelerates data migrations to AWS as well as moving data to and from on-premises storage, edge locations, other cloud providers, and AWS Storage services1. AWS DataSync can copy data to and from various sources and targets, including Amazon S3, and handle files in multiple formats. AWS DataSync also supports incremental transfers, meaning it can detect and copy only the changes to the data, reducing the amount of data transferred and improving the performance. AWS DataSync can automate and schedule the transfer process using triggers, and monitor the progress and status of the transfers using CloudWatch metrics and events1.
AWS DataSync is the most operationally efficient way to transfer the data in this scenario, as it meets all the requirements and offers a serverless and scalable solution. AWS Glue, AWS Direct Connect, and Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration are not the best options for this scenario, as they have some limitations or drawbacks compared to AWS DataSync. AWS Glue is a serverless ETL service that can extract, transform, and load data from various sources to various targets, including Amazon S32. However, AWS Glue is not designed for large-scale data transfers, as it has some quotas and limits on the number and size of files it can process3. AWS Glue also does not support incremental transfers, meaning it would have to copy the entire data set every time, which would be inefficient and costly.
AWS Direct Connect is a service that establishes a dedicated network connection between your on-premises data center and AWS, bypassing the public internet and improving the bandwidth and performance of the data transfer. However, AWS Direct Connect is not a data transfer service by itself, as it requires additional services or tools to copy the data, such as AWS DataSync, AWS Storage Gateway, or AWS CLI. AWS Direct Connect also has some hardware and location requirements, and charges you for the port hours and data transfer out of AWS.
Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration is a feature that enables faster data transfers to Amazon S3 over long distances, using the AWS edge locations and optimized network paths. However, Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration is not a data transfer service by itself, as it requires additional services or tools to copy the data, such as AWS CLI, AWS SDK, or third-party software. Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration also charges you for the data transferred over the accelerated endpoints, and does not guarantee a performance improvement for every transfer, as it depends on various factors such as the network conditions, the distance, and the object size. Reference:
AWS DataSync
AWS Glue
AWS Glue quotas and limits
[AWS Direct Connect]
[Data transfer options for AWS Direct Connect]
[Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration]
[Using Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration]
NEW QUESTION # 277
A company stores data from an application in an Amazon DynamoDB table that operates in provisioned capacity mode. The workloads of the application have predictable throughput load on a regular schedule.
Every Monday, there is an immediate increase in activity early in the morning. The application has very low usage during weekends.
The company must ensure that the application performs consistently during peak usage times.
Which solution will meet these requirements in the MOST cost-effective way?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Amazon DynamoDB is a fully managed NoSQL database service that provides fast and predictable performance with seamless scalability. DynamoDB offers two capacity modes for throughput capacity:
provisioned and on-demand. In provisioned capacity mode, you specify the number of read and write capacity units per second that you expect your application to require. DynamoDB reserves the resources to meet your throughput needs with consistent performance. In on-demand capacity mode, you pay per request and DynamoDB scales the resources up and down automatically based on the actual workload. On-demand capacity mode is suitable for unpredictable workloads that can vary significantly over time1.
The solution that meets the requirements in the most cost-effective way is to use AWS Application Auto Scaling to schedule higher provisioned capacity for peak usage times and lower capacity during off-peak times. This solution has the following advantages:
* It allows you to optimize the cost and performance of your DynamoDB table by adjusting the provisioned capacity according to your predictable workload patterns. You can use scheduled scaling to specify the date and time for the scaling actions, and the new minimum and maximum capacity limits. For example, you can schedule higher capacity for every Monday morning and lower capacity for weekends2.
* It enables you to take advantage of the lower cost per unit of provisioned capacity mode compared to on-demand capacity mode. Provisioned capacity mode charges a flat hourly rate for the capacity you reserve, regardless of how much you use. On-demand capacity mode charges for each read and write request you consume, with no minimum capacity required. For predictable workloads, provisioned capacity mode can be more cost-effective than on-demand capacity mode1.
* It ensures that your application performs consistently during peak usage times by having enough capacity to handle the increased load. You can also use auto scaling to automatically adjust the provisioned capacity based on the actual utilization of your table, and set a target utilization percentage for your table or global secondary index. This way, you can avoid under-provisioning or over- provisioning your table2.
Option A is incorrect because it suggests increasing the provisioned capacity to the maximum capacity that is currently present during peak load times. This solution has the following disadvantages:
* It wastes money by paying for unused capacity during off-peak times. If you provision the same high capacity for all times, regardless of the actual workload, you are over-provisioning your table and paying for resources that you don't need1.
* It does not account for possible changes in the workload patterns over time. If your peak load times increase or decrease in the future, you may need to manually adjust the provisioned capacity to match the new demand. This adds operational overhead and complexity to your application2.
Option B is incorrect because it suggests dividing the table into two tables and provisioning each table with half of the provisioned capacity of the original table. This solution has the following disadvantages:
* It complicates the data model and the application logic by splitting the data into two separate tables.
You need to ensure that the queries are evenly distributed across both tables, and that the data is consistent and synchronized between them. This adds extra development and maintenance effort to your application3.
* It does not solve the problem of adjusting the provisioned capacity according to the workload patterns.
You still need to manually or automatically scale the capacity of each table based on the actual utilization and demand. This may result in under-provisioning or over-provisioning your tables2.
Option D is incorrect because it suggests changing the capacity mode from provisioned to on-demand. This solution has the following disadvantages:
* It may incur higher costs than provisioned capacity mode for predictable workloads. On-demand capacity mode charges for each read and write request you consume, with no minimum capacity required. For predictable workloads, provisioned capacity mode can be more cost-effective than on- demand capacity mode, as you can reserve the capacity you need at a lower rate1.
* It may not provide consistent performance during peak usage times, as on-demand capacity mode may take some time to scale up the resources to meet the sudden increase in demand. On-demand capacity mode uses adaptive capacity to handle bursts of traffic, but it may not be able to handle very large spikes or sustained high throughput. In such cases, you may experience throttling or increased latency.
References:
* 1: Choosing the right DynamoDB capacity mode - Amazon DynamoDB
* 2: Managing throughput capacity automatically with DynamoDB auto scaling - Amazon DynamoDB
* 3: Best practices for designing and using partition keys effectively - Amazon DynamoDB
* [4]: On-demand mode guidelines - Amazon DynamoDB
* [5]: How to optimize Amazon DynamoDB costs - AWS Database Blog
* [6]: DynamoDB adaptive capacity: How it works and how it helps - AWS Database Blog
* [7]: Amazon DynamoDB pricing - Amazon Web Services (AWS)
NEW QUESTION # 278
A company currently uses a provisioned Amazon EMR cluster that includes general purpose Amazon EC2 instances. The EMR cluster uses EMR managed scaling between one to five task nodes for the company's long-running Apache Spark extract, transform, and load (ETL) job. The company runs the ETL job every day.
When the company runs the ETL job, the EMR cluster quickly scales up to five nodes. The EMR cluster often reaches maximum CPU usage, but the memory usage remains under 30%.
The company wants to modify the EMR cluster configuration to reduce the EMR costs to run the daily ETL job.
Which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The company's Apache Spark ETL job on Amazon EMR uses high CPU but low memory, meaning that compute-optimized EC2 instances would be the most cost-effective choice. These instances are designed for high-performance compute applications, where CPU usage is high, but memory needs are minimal, which is exactly the case here.
* Compute Optimized Instances:
* Compute-optimized instances, such as the C5 series, provide a higher ratio of CPU to memory, which is more suitable for jobs with high CPU usage and relatively low memory consumption.
* Switching from general-purpose EC2 instances to compute-optimized instances can reduce costs while improving performance, as these instances are optimized for workloads like Spark jobs that perform a lot of computation.
NEW QUESTION # 279
A data engineer needs to join data from multiple sources to perform a one-time analysis job. The data is stored in Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, and Amazon S3.
Which solution will meet this requirement MOST cost-effectively?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Amazon Athena Federated Query is a feature that allows you to query data from multiple sources using standard SQL. You can use Athena Federated Query to join data from Amazon DynamoDB, Amazon RDS, Amazon Redshift, and Amazon S3, as well as other data sources such as MongoDB, Apache HBase, and Apache Kafka1. Athena Federated Query is a serverless and interactive service, meaning you do not need to provision or manage any infrastructure, and you only pay for the amount of data scanned by your queries.
Athena Federated Query is the most cost-effective solution for performing a one-time analysis job on data from multiple sources, as it eliminates the need to copy or move data, and allows you to query data directly from the source.
The other options are not as cost-effective as Athena Federated Query, as they involve additional steps or costs. Option A requires you to provision and pay for an Amazon EMR cluster, which can be expensive and time-consuming for a one-time job. Option B requires you to copy or move data from DynamoDB, RDS, and Redshift to S3, which can incur additional costs for data transfer and storage, and also introduce latency and complexity. Option D requires you to have an existing Redshift cluster, which can be costly and may not be necessary for a one-time job. Option D also does not supportquerying data from RDS directly, so you would need to use Redshift Federated Query to access RDS data, which adds another layer of complexity2.
References:
Amazon Athena Federated Query
Redshift Spectrum vs Federated Query
NEW QUESTION # 280
A company stores a large dataset in an Amazon S3 bucket. A data engineer frequently runs complex queries on the dataset by using Amazon Athena. The data engineer needs to optimize query performance and optimize costs for queries that are run multiple times with the same parameters.
Which solution will meet these requirements?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Amazon Athena charges per amount of data scanned by each query. When the same query with identical parameters is executed multiple times, re-scanning the data repeatedly increases both cost and execution time.
Athena provides query result reuse, which allows previously computed query results to be reused when an identical query is rerun within a configurable time window.
By enabling query result reuse at the Athena workgroup level, Athena automatically returns cached results instead of re-reading data from Amazon S3. This significantly improves query performance while reducing data scan costs. This feature is specifically designed for workloads where analysts frequently rerun complex queries with the same parameters, which directly matches the scenario.
Converting data to JSON would degrade performance because JSON is not a columnar format and increases scan size. Using Amazon EMR introduces unnecessary infrastructure management and cost for a query optimization problem that Athena already solves natively. Amazon Redshift Spectrum is intended for querying S3 data from within Redshift and does not address repeated-query optimization in Athena.
Therefore, configuring query result reuse in the Athena workgroup is the most cost-effective and operationally efficient solution.
NEW QUESTION # 281
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