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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Budgeting and Planning | - Operating budgets (sales, production, direct materials, direct labor, overhead) - Variance analysis - Financial budgets (cash budget, budgeted income statement, budgeted balance sheet) - Master budget components |
| Financial Accounting Fundamentals | - Preparing financial statements (Income Statement, Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flows) - Recording transactions and adjusting entries - Accrual vs. cash basis accounting - Understanding the accounting cycle |
| Financial Statement Analysis | - Horizontal and vertical analysis - Interpreting financial data for decision-making purposes - Ratio analysis (liquidity, profitability, solvency, efficiency ratios) |
| Managerial Accounting Concepts | - Cost-Volume-Profit (CVP) analysis - Job order and process costing - Cost classification and behavior (fixed, variable, mixed costs) - Contribution margin and break-even analysis |
| Decision Making and Performance Evaluation | - Balanced Scorecard concepts - Responsibility accounting and performance metrics - Capital budgeting techniques (NPV, IRR, Payback Period) - Make-or-buy and special order decisions - Relevant costs for decision making |
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問題 #41
Which role do ethical standards have in management accounting?
答案：B
問題 #42
Given the following information:
Pairs of shoes expected to be produced = 1,950,000
Pairs of shoes produced = 2,500,000
Overhead rate = $0.75
What is the amount of applied overhead?
答案：C
解題說明：
The correct answer is D. $1,875,000 . Applied overhead is calculated by multiplying the predetermined overhead rate by the actual amount of the allocation base used during production. OpenStax explains that a predetermined overhead rate is established in advance and then applied to production using the actual activity level.
The formula is:
Applied overhead = Overhead rate × Actual production
Using the figures provided:
Applied overhead = $0.75 × 2,500,000 = $1,875,000
So the total amount of overhead applied is $1,875,000 . The "expected to be produced" amount helps establish or understand the rate, but once the rate is given, applied overhead is based on the actual production achieved , not the estimated quantity.
Option C, $1,462,500 , would result from multiplying the rate by the expected production of 1,950,000, which is not what the question asks. The question specifically asks for the applied overhead, which uses actual activity. Therefore, with 2,500,000 pairs produced at $0.75 per pair , the correct applied overhead is
$1,875,000 , making Option D the correct answer.
問題 #43
What is the impact on costs as sales volume decreases?
答案：B
解題說明：
The correct answer is C. Total variable costs will decrease in direct proportion . Variable costs change in total as activity or sales volume changes. When sales volume decreases, total variable costs also decrease proportionally because fewer units are produced or sold. Multiple accounting references explain that total variable cost rises and falls with the level of activity, while the variable cost per unit remains constant within the relevant range.
Option A is the opposite of what happens when volume falls. Options B and D are incorrect because total fixed costs generally remain unchanged within the relevant range regardless of short-term changes in sales volume. OpenStax notes that fixed costs are present regardless of production or sales levels, while variable costs occur only as items or services are produced and sold.
This distinction is central to cost behavior analysis and profit planning. As volume declines, total variable costs go down in direct proportion, but total fixed costs do not normally move with sales in the short run.
Therefore, the correct answer is Option C .
問題 #44
Which item is an operating activity under a U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) statement of cash flows?
答案：C
解題說明：
The correct answer is B. Cash payments for administration expenses . Under U.S. GAAP, operating activities include cash effects of transactions that enter into the determination of net income, such as cash paid to employees, suppliers, and for other routine operating expenses. FASB's statement on cash flows requires cash receipts and payments to be classified as operating, investing, or financing and defines operating activities as the residual category for the entity's normal revenue-producing activities. OpenStax also describes operating activities as the day-to-day cash flows of the business.
Option A is incorrect because selling a business segment is generally an investing activity , not an operating one. Option C is incorrect because purchasing plant assets is also an investing cash outflow . Option D is incorrect because cash received from selling plant assets is an investing cash inflow . Administrative expenses are part of normal operations, so cash paid for them belongs in operating activities. Therefore, among the options provided, Cash payments for administration expenses is the only item properly classified as an operating activity under U.S. GAAP.
問題 #45
Which organization establishes rules U.S. companies use to record and report accounting transactions?
答案：B
解題說明：
The correct answer is C. Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) . The FASB is the private-sector standard-setting body whose accounting and financial reporting standards are recognized as authoritative U.S.
generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) for purposes of the federal securities laws. The SEC has explicitly recognized FASB standards as "generally accepted," which is why U.S. companies rely on FASB guidance when recording and reporting accounting transactions.
Option A is incorrect because the Accounting Principles Board (APB) was a former standard-setting body that was replaced by the FASB. Option B, the SEC , does have legal authority over public company reporting, but it does not serve as the primary day-to-day accounting standard setter in the same way FASB does. Option D, the IRS , is responsible for tax administration, not financial accounting standards for general-purpose financial statements. For exam purposes, when the question asks which organization establishes the accounting rules U.S. companies use to record and report transactions, the best and most accurate answer is FASB .
問題 #46
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