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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Financial Planning for Small Business | 15% | - Succession planning and exit strategies - Business structure and financial considerations |
| Topic 2: Retirement Planning | 20% | - Retirement income needs analysis - Government and private retirement programs - Retirement savings and withdrawal strategies |
| Topic 3: Investment and Tax Planning | 10% | - Tax-efficient investing and income planning - Investment portfolio construction |
| Topic 4: Financial Planning Practice | 10% | - Financial plan development process - Client engagement and data gathering |
| Topic 5: Savings Planning & Debt Management | 10% | - Debt management and repayment plans - Savings vehicles and strategies |
| Topic 6: Family Law | 15% | - Support obligations and asset division - Marriage, cohabitation, and separation agreements |
| Topic 7: Estate Planning | 10% | - Wills, trusts, and powers of attorney - Estate taxation and wealth transfer |
| Topic 8: Insurance Planning | 10% | - Life, disability, and critical illness insurance - Property and liability risk management |
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NEW QUESTION # 34
If an employee earns more than the yearly maximum pensionable earnings, but an employer continues to deduct Canada Pension Plan contributions, what will happen to the excess contributions?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Where an employee has contributed more CPP than required for the year, the excess employee contribution is ultimately refunded or credited through the individual's income tax return.
CRA specifically provides for CPP overpayments to be calculated on the applicable Schedule 8 or interprovincial CPP/QPP form. The excess is reported on the individual's tax return, and CRA will either refund it or apply it against another balance owing.
An employer that discovers an over-deduction during the same year should generally correct its payroll records and reimburse the employee directly. However, where the overpayment remains on the T4 and has not been reimbursed, CRA credits the excess when the employee files the personal return.
The excess is not transferred to an RRSP, nor is it automatically carried forward against the employee's CPP obligation for the next calendar year. CPP contribution calculations operate on an annual basis.
Option A is also incorrect because repayment of the employee's own excessive CPP deduction is not a taxable employment benefit.
Accordingly, within the circumstances presented in the question, option D is the correct treatment.
FPII reference/topic: Retirement Planning - Canada Pension Plan; maximum pensionable earnings; employee contributions; CPP overpayments and refunds.
NEW QUESTION # 35
What is unique about the taxation of a partnership?
Answer: C
Explanation:
A partnership generally operates as a flow-through structure for Canadian income-tax purposes. The partnership calculates its income or loss, but the economic results are allocated among the partners. Each partner then reports the applicable share on that partner's own tax return.
CRA specifically states that a partnership generally does not itself pay income tax on its income. Instead, each partner reports his or her share of the partnership's net income or loss, whether the allocated amount was actually received in cash or merely credited to the partner's capital account.
This differs materially from a corporation, which is a separate taxpayer and pays corporate income tax before after-tax profits may subsequently be distributed to shareholders.
Option C is therefore inappropriate: the small business corporate tax rate applies to qualifying Canadian- controlled private corporations, not directly to partnership income. Option B similarly assigns a tax attribute to the partnership itself that does not describe the basic partnership taxation mechanism. Option A is not the defining feature and, in any event, taxation depends on the character of amounts allocated through the partnership.
The essential FPII principle is that partnership income and losses flow through to the partners.
FPII reference/topic: Financial Planning for Small Business - partnerships; taxation of business structures; flow-through income and losses.
NEW QUESTION # 36
Which statement describes the doctrine of non est factum as it applies to contracts?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The doctrine of non est factum, literally meaning "it is not my deed," may provide relief where a person signs a document while fundamentally mistaken about the nature or legal character of the document being executed.
Accordingly, option B captures the essential contractual principle.
The doctrine is narrower than ordinary mistake or misrepresentation. It is not enough that a party misunderstood a particular contractual term, underestimated the financial consequences, or later regretted signing. The error must concern the document's essential nature or effect. Canadian jurisprudence also imposes an important diligence requirement: a person who carelessly signs a document without taking reasonable steps to understand it may be prevented from relying on non est factum, particularly where an innocent third party relied on the signed instrument. The Supreme Court of Canada applied this principle in Marvco Colour Research Ltd. v. Harris.
Option A describes misrepresentation. Option D describes common mistake, where both parties share a fundamental erroneous assumption. Option C may involve mistake concerning the existence of subject matter or impossibility, not non est factum.
FPII reference/topic: Financial Planning Practice - contract law; validity and enforceability of contracts; mistake; misrepresentation; non est factum.
NEW QUESTION # 37
Which resource will affect a pensioner's Guaranteed Income Supplement entitlement?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Guaranteed Income Supplement is income-tested rather than asset-tested. Consequently, the relevant item is dividend income.
For GIS purposes, taxable investment income-including taxable Canadian dividends-forms part of the income used to determine entitlement. As income rises, GIS benefits may be reduced or eliminated depending on the recipient's marital status and applicable income threshold. Service Canada specifically includes interest, investment income, capital gains, and taxable Canadian dividends among the income sources relevant to income-tested OAS benefits.
By contrast, merely owning a cottage or holding investment assets does not directly reduce GIS because there is no general GIS asset test. Those assets become relevant when they generate reportable income-for example, rental income, interest, dividends, or realized taxable capital gains.
Old Age Security itself is specifically excluded when determining income for GIS purposes. Therefore, receiving the basic OAS pension is not treated in the same way as taxable investment income when calculating GIS entitlement.
This distinction is important in retirement planning because two clients with identical net worth can have very different GIS outcomes depending on the type, timing, and tax characterization of their retirement income.
FPII reference/topic: Retirement Planning - Old Age Security; Guaranteed Income Supplement; income testing; retirement-income taxation.
NEW QUESTION # 38
From the perspective of self-employment, how are personal benefits treated for the purposes of calculating child support?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Personal benefits paid through a self-employed individual's business are generally added back to income and grossed up when determining appropriate income for child-support purposes.
The purpose of the child-support income calculation is to identify the parent's true financial capacity rather than simply accept taxable income reported under the Income Tax Act. A business may legitimately deduct an expenditure for tax purposes while all or part of that expenditure provides a personal benefit to the owner- for example, personal vehicle use, housing expenses, meals, utilities, or other personal consumption paid by the business.
Where such expenditures effectively replace expenses the parent otherwise would have paid personally from after-tax income, the benefit is added back. A gross-up may then be necessary to express that tax-free or after- tax economic benefit as an equivalent amount of pre-tax income. Canadian child-support jurisprudence has repeatedly applied this approach to personal benefits funded through a business.
This prevents a self-employed support payor from artificially depressing guideline income by routing personal consumption through deductible business expenses.
Therefore, option D correctly reflects both required adjustments: add the personal benefit to income and gross it up where appropriate.
FPII reference/topic: Family Law - Federal Child Support Guidelines; determination of self-employment income; personal benefits; imputed income.
NEW QUESTION # 39
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