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ISTQB CT-AI 認定試験の出題範囲:
| トピック | 出題範囲 |
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| トピック 1 | - systems from those required for conventional systems.
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| トピック 2 | - Methods and Techniques for the Testing of AI-Based Systems: In this section, the focus is on explaining how the testing of ML systems can help prevent adversarial attacks and data poisoning.
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| トピック 3 | - Neural Networks and Testing: This section of the exam covers defining the structure and function of a neural network including a DNN and the different coverage measures for neural networks.
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| トピック 4 | - ML: Data: This section of the exam covers explaining the activities and challenges related to data preparation. It also covers how to test datasets create an ML model and recognize how poor data quality can cause problems with the resultant ML model.
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| トピック 5 | - ML Functional Performance Metrics: In this section, the topics covered include how to calculate the ML functional performance metrics from a given set of confusion matrices.
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| トピック 6 | - Test Environments for AI-Based Systems: This section is about factors that differentiate the test environments for AI-based
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| トピック 7 | - Using AI for Testing: In this section, the exam topics cover categorizing the AI technologies used in software testing.
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| トピック 8 | - Machine Learning ML: This section includes the classification and regression as part of supervised learning, explaining the factors involved in the selection of ML algorithms, and demonstrating underfitting and overfitting.
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| トピック 9 | - Quality Characteristics for AI-Based Systems: This section covers topics covered how to explain the importance of flexibility and adaptability as characteristics of AI-based systems and describes the vitality of managing evolution for AI-based systems. It also covers how to recall the characteristics that make it difficult to use AI-based systems in safety-related applications.
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| トピック 10 | - Introduction to AI: This exam section covers topics such as the AI effect and how it influences the definition of AI. It covers how to distinguish between narrow AI, general AI, and super AI; moreover, the topics covered include describing how standards apply to AI-based systems.
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| トピック 11 | - Testing AI-Specific Quality Characteristics: In this section, the topics covered are about the challenges in testing created by the self-learning of AI-based systems.
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CT-AIの各主題研究の分析を通じて急流、探索する価値のある隠れたルールがたくさんあることがわかりました。これは非常に必要であると同時に、CT-AIトレーニング資料には専門家の素晴らしい夢のチームがあり、そのため、毎年提案の傾向を厳密に管理できます。年次試験問題では、CT-AI調査問題に対応する規則があり、今年のテストのホットスポットと提案の方向を正確に予測できます。これにより、ユーザーは自信を持ってCT-AIテストの準備をすることができます。
ISTQB Certified Tester AI Testing Exam 認定 CT-AI 試験問題 (Q124-Q129):
質問 # 124
Which statement about AI-based test case generation is correct?
- A. A different test oracle is usually required for each AI-generated functional test case.
- B. Expected results may not be available for AI-generated functional test cases.
- C. AI-generated functional test cases typically result in poor requirements coverage.
- D. An AI-based system under test must not be used as a functional test oracle.
正解:B
解説:
The ISTQB CT-AI syllabus indicates inSection 5.2 - AI for Testingthat AI-generated test cases may not come withpredefined expected results. This is because test-case generation methods-- such as evolutionary algorithms, reinforcement learning, or clustering-based sampling-- produceinputs, but the tester must still determine the correct outputs. Therefore, Option C is correct: expected results may not be available, especially when AI produces novel or previously unseen input combinations.
質問 # 125
A software component uses machine learning to recognize the digits from a scan of handwritten numbers. In the scenario above, which type of Machine Learning (ML) is this an example of?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Clustering
- B. Classification
- C. Reinforcement learning
- D. Regression
正解:B
解説:
Recognizing digits from a scan of handwritten numbers using machine learning is an example of classification. Here's a breakdown:
* Classification: This type of machine learning involves categorizing input data into predefined classes.
In this scenario, the input data (handwritten digits) are classified into one of the 10 digit classes (0-9).
* Why Not Other Options:
* Reinforcement Learning: This involves learning by interacting with an environment to achieve a goal, which does not fit the problem of recognizing digits.
* Regression: This is used for predicting continuous values, not discrete categories like digit recognition.
* Clustering: This involves grouping similar data points together without predefined classes, which is not the case here.
References:The explanation is based on the definitions of different machine learning types as outlined in the ISTQB CT-AI syllabus, specifically under supervised learning and classification.
質問 # 126
Which ONE of the following is the BEST option to optimize the regression test selection and prevent the regression suite from growing large?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Using of a random subset of tests.
- B. Using an Al-based tool to optimize the regression test suite by analyzing past test results
- C. Automating test scripts using Al-based test automation tools.
- D. Identifying suitable tests by looking at the complexity of the test cases.
正解:B
解説:
A . Identifying suitable tests by looking at the complexity of the test cases.
While complexity analysis can help in selecting important test cases, it does not directly address the issue of optimizing the entire regression suite effectively.
B . Using a random subset of tests.
Randomly selecting test cases may miss critical tests and does not ensure an optimized regression suite. This approach lacks a systematic method for ensuring comprehensive coverage.
C . Automating test scripts using AI-based test automation tools.
Automation helps in running tests efficiently but does not inherently optimize the selection of tests to prevent the suite from growing too large.
D . Using an AI-based tool to optimize the regression test suite by analyzing past test results.
This is the most effective approach as AI-based tools can analyze historical test data, identify patterns, and prioritize tests that are more likely to catch defects based on past results. This method ensures an optimized and manageable regression test suite by focusing on the most impactful test cases.
Therefore, the correct answer is D because using an AI-based tool to analyze past test results is the best option to optimize regression test selection and manage the size of the regression suite effectively.
質問 # 127
You are using a neural network to train a robot vacuum to navigate without bumping into objects.
You set up a reward scheme that encourages speed but discourages hitting the bumper sensors.
Instead of what you expected, the vacuum has now learned to drive backwards because there are no bumpers on the back. This is an example of what type of behavior?
- A. Transparency
- B. Interpretability
- C. Reward-hacking
- D. Error-shortcircuiting
正解:C
解説:
The syllabus defines reward hacking as:
"Reward hacking can result from an AI-based system achieving a specified goal by using a
'clever' or 'easy' solution that perverts the spirit of the designer's intent." In this case, the vacuum found a loophole in the reward function--driving backwards to avoid bumper triggers while maximizing reward for speed.
質問 # 128
Which ONE of the following tests is MOST likely to describe a useful test to help detect different kinds of biases in ML pipeline?
SELECT ONE OPTION
- A. Testing the data pipeline for any sources for algorithmic bias.
- B. Check the input test data for potential sample bias.
- C. Test the model during model evaluation for data bias.
- D. Testing the distribution shift in the training data for inappropriate bias.
正解:C
解説:
Detecting biases in the ML pipeline involves various tests to ensure fairness and accuracy throughout the ML process.
Testing the distribution shift in the training data for inappropriate bias (A): This involves checking if there is any shift in the data distribution that could lead to bias in the model. It is an important test but not the most direct method for detecting biases.
Test the model during model evaluation for data bias (B): This is a critical stage where the model is evaluated to detect any biases in the data it was trained on. It directly addresses potential data biases in the model.
Testing the data pipeline for any sources for algorithmic bias (C): This test is crucial as it helps identify biases that may originate from the data processing and transformation stages within the pipeline. Detecting sources of algorithmic bias ensures that the model does not inherit biases from these processes.
Check the input test data for potential sample bias (D): While this is an important step, it focuses more on the input data and less on the overall data pipeline.
Hence, the most likely useful test to help detect different kinds of biases in the ML pipeline is B. Test the model during model evaluation for data bias.
Reference:
ISTQB CT-AI Syllabus Section 8.3 on Testing for Algorithmic, Sample, and Inappropriate Bias discusses various tests that can be performed to detect biases at different stages of the ML pipeline.
Sample Exam Questions document, Question #32 highlights the importance of evaluating the model for biases.
質問 # 129
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