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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Cloud and IoT Security | - IoT security fundamentals - Cloud computing security concepts |
| Web and Application Security | - Web application hacking techniques |
| Network Attacks | - Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS) - Sniffing and session hijacking |
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | - Ethical hacking concepts and methodology |
| Wireless and Mobile Security | - Mobile platform vulnerabilities - Wireless network attacks |
| System Hacking | - Gaining access and privilege escalation - Malware threats and system exploitation |
| Cryptography | - Encryption, hashing, and cryptanalysis |
| Reconnaissance Techniques | - Footprinting and information gathering - Scanning networks and enumeration |
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227. Frage
Which of the following algorithms can be used to guarantee the integrity of messages being sent, in transit, or stored?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
Hashing algorithms are specifically designed to ensure data integrity. A hash function takes an input and returns a fixed-length string, called a hash or message digest. Even a small change in the input results in a completely different hash, making it useful for detecting tampering.
Common hashing algorithms include:
MD5 (now obsolete for secure uses)
SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA-3
HMAC (Hashed Message Authentication Code)
From CEH v13 Courseware:
Module 20: Cryptography
Topic: Hash Functions and Data Integrity
CEH v13 Study Guide states:
"Hashing algorithms provide integrity by generating a unique digital fingerprint of data. Any alteration in the message content will result in a different hash value, indicating that the integrity has been compromised." Incorrect Options:
A: Symmetric algorithms provide confidentiality.
B: Asymmetric algorithms provide confidentiality and authentication.
D: "Integrity algorithms" is not a formal cryptographic term.
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 20: Cryptographic Hash FunctionsNIST FIPS 180-4 - Secure Hash Standard (SHS)
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228. Frage
During testing against a network protected by a signature-based IDS, the tester notices that standard scans are blocked. To evade detection, the tester sends TCP headers split into multiple small IP fragments so the IDS cannot reassemble or interpret them, but the destination host can. What technique is being used?
Antwort: C
Begründung:
CEH v13 details that fragmentation attacks are a common IDS evasion strategy. Signature-based IDS systems depend on reassembling packets to detect malicious patterns. When attackers fragment TCP headers into smaller segments, the IDS may be unable to reconstruct the original packet sequence, especially if the fragments are intentionally crafted to confuse reassembly buffers. Meanwhile, the target host typically recombines the fragments correctly, allowing the scan or payload to pass undetected. This technique is specifically discussed under IDS evasion methods, where fragmentation prevents complete packet inspection.
Options A and B describe unrelated evasion mechanisms such as IP spoofing and MAC spoofing, and Option C does not fundamentally affect IDS reconstruction. The tester is clearly using packet fragmentation to evade detection while still mapping open ports successfully.
229. Frage
Joe works as an IT administrator in an organization and has recently set up a cloud computing service for the organization. To implement this service, he reached out to a telecom company for providing Internet connectivity and transport services between the organization and the cloud service provider. In the NIST cloud deployment reference architecture, under which category does the telecom company fall in the above scenario?
Antwort: D
230. Frage
You are an ethical hacker at SilverRock Security, engaged by BayState Credit Union in Boston, Massachusetts, to evaluate their online loan application portal. While testing the customer dashboard, you inject crafted input into a numeric parameter. Instead of returning only the expected loan details, the response also displays sensitive employee information from another table, merged into the same page results. This behavior indicates that the attacker's input successfully combined multiple datasets into a single output.
Based on the observed behavior, which type of SQL injection attack are you exploiting?
Antwort: D
Begründung:
The correct answer is D. UNION SQL Injection because the key observation is that the application's response shows data from another table merged into the same page results, meaning the injected payload successfully combined two result sets into a single output. In CEH-aligned SQL injection taxonomy, UNION-based SQL injection occurs when an attacker uses the SQL UNION (or UNION ALL) operator to append the results of a second SELECT query to the original query's results. If the application prints query results to the page, UNION injection is especially powerful because it can directly exfiltrate database contents in-band through the normal web response.
The scenario describes input into a numeric parameter in the customer dashboard (commonly an id value in a query such as selecting loan details). By manipulating this parameter, the attacker causes the back-end query to return not only the intended loan record(s) but also employee information from a different table. That is the hallmark of UNION SQL injection: retrieving unrelated columns/rows by crafting a second SELECT that matches the original query's column count and compatible data types, then unioning it with the legitimate query so both datasets render together. Attackers often enumerate the number of columns (e.g., with ORDER BY tests) and then identify which columns are reflected in the response to place sensitive data where it will be displayed.
Why the other options do not match: Error-based SQL injection relies on database error messages to leak information, rather than cleanly merging results into the page. Blind SQL injection yields no direct data in the response and instead infers information via boolean conditions or time delays. Second-order SQL injection happens when malicious input is stored first and executed later in a different context; the prompt describes immediate, in-response merging of data.
Therefore, the behavior most directly indicates UNION SQL injection.
231. Frage
An ethical hacker needs to gather detailed information about a company's internal network without initiating any direct interaction that could be logged or raise suspicion. Which approach should be used to obtain this information covertly?
Antwort: B
Begründung:
Email headers often contain routing information such as internal mail server hostnames, IP addressing schemes, and infrastructure details. Analyzing previously received emails is entirely passive, does not interact with the target's systems, and can reveal valuable insights into the internal network without generating logs or alerts.
232. Frage
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