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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Routine Blood Collections | 28% | - Order of draw & tube selection - Tourniquet use & vein assessment - Venipuncture techniques & equipment - Capillary puncture procedures - Post-collection care & labeling |
| Topic 2: Specimen Processing & Handling | 14% | - Aliquoting & preservation - Specimen rejection criteria - Documentation & tracking - Transport & storage requirements - Processing & centrifugation |
| Topic 3: Patient Preparation | 20% | - Informed consent & communication - Requisition review & test verification - Site selection & preparation - Patient positioning & comfort - Patient identification & verification |
| Topic 4: Safety and Compliance | 26% | - PPE & sharps disposal - Quality control & error prevention - HIPAA & patient confidentiality - Infection control & OSHA standards - Bloodborne pathogens & exposure control |
| Topic 5: Special Collections | 12% | - Blood cultures & sterile collection - Pediatric & geriatric collections - Blood alcohol & legal collections - Therapeutic drug monitoring - Glucose tolerance & dynamic tests |
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NEW QUESTION # 91
Which of the following actions should a phlebotomist take before leaving an isolation room?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Before leaving an isolation room, the phlebotomist should remove PPE according to the facility's sequence and perform hand hygiene. PPE removal is a high-risk step because contaminated gloves, gowns, masks, or face protection can transfer organisms to the hands, clothing, supplies, or environment. Wearing the same gloves to the next room is a serious infection-control violation and can transmit pathogens between patients. Used needles must be placed immediately into an approved sharps container, not a bedside trash can. Carrying unused supplies back to a clean supply cart may contaminate the clean supply area; supplies taken into isolation rooms should be limited and handled according to facility policy. The phlebotomist should plan ahead, bring only necessary items, follow isolation signage, disinfect reusable equipment, and dispose of contaminated materials appropriately. This question tests infection-control workflow, not simply PPE recognition. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; isolation precautions; PPE removal; hand hygiene; cross-contamination prevention.
NEW QUESTION # 92
When performing a capillary collection, which of the following tubes should a phlebotomist collect last?
Answer: A
Explanation:
In capillary collection, the red tube should be collected last from the options listed. Capillary order of draw differs from venipuncture order of draw because capillary blood begins clotting quickly after puncture. Tubes containing anticoagulants are collected before serum tubes to prevent platelet clumping and microclot formation that could invalidate hematology or other additive-based testing. Lavender EDTA specimens are typically prioritized early because hematology testing requires well-mixed anticoagulated whole blood. Lithium heparin is also an additive tube and should be collected before a non-additive or serum specimen. Red tubes are generally serum tubes and are collected later because clotting is expected for serum production. Microhematocrit collection depends on the procedure and whether anticoagulated capillary tubes are used, but it is not the best answer for "last" in this item. The phlebotomist must also wipe away the first drop, avoid excessive squeezing, fill microcollection containers properly, and mix additive specimens immediately by gentle inversion. NHA CPT competencies include dermal puncture, capillary order of draw, microcollection devices, and specimen integrity. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; capillary collection; dermal puncture; microcollection order of draw.
NEW QUESTION # 93
Which of the following sites should a phlebotomist use as the second choice to perform venipuncture on an adult patient?
Answer: D
Explanation:
The cephalic vein is the second-choice vein for routine adult venipuncture. The median cubital vein is preferred first because it is usually large, well anchored, superficial, and located away from major nerves and arteries. If the median cubital vein is unavailable or unsuitable, the cephalic vein is typically selected next because it is generally accessible and safer than the basilic vein. The basilic vein is usually the last choice in the antecubital area because it lies closer to the brachial artery and median nerve, increasing the risk of serious complications if the needle placement is poor. The median antebrachial vein may be visible in the forearm but is not the standard second-choice site for routine venipuncture. Proper site selection is not cosmetic; it is risk control. The phlebotomist must evaluate vein size, depth, resilience, direction, and surrounding anatomy while avoiding sites with edema, hematoma, burns, scarring, IV lines, infection, or mastectomy restrictions. Reference topics: Routine Blood Collections; antecubital vein selection; median cubital, cephalic, and basilic veins; site safety.
NEW QUESTION # 94
A phlebotomist has just performed quality control measurements on a glucose monitor. The values exceed the acceptable limits. Which of the following actions should the phlebotomist take?
Answer: B
Explanation:
When glucose monitor quality control values exceed acceptable limits, the phlebotomist should perform the manufacturer's recommended actions. Out-of-range QC means the instrument, strips, controls, operator technique, storage conditions, or environmental factors may be unreliable. Patient testing should not proceed until the problem is corrected and QC results return to acceptable range according to the device instructions and facility procedure. Cleaning the monitor may be part of troubleshooting, but it is not automatically the complete or correct response unless the manufacturer's protocol identifies contamination as the cause. Replacing batteries may be appropriate only if the device indicates low power or the manufacturer's instructions direct it. Documenting the values is necessary, but documentation alone does not correct the failed QC or validate patient results. The correct professional action is to follow the device-specific troubleshooting and QC procedure, repeat controls when indicated, remove defective materials from use, and notify the appropriate supervisor if unresolved. NHA CPT competencies include point-of-care testing, quality control, CLIA-waived testing, equipment maintenance, and accurate documentation. Reference topics: Special Collections; point-of-care glucose testing; quality control; manufacturer instructions.
NEW QUESTION # 95
Which of the following does HIPAA require all health care providers to obtain before disclosing medical information?
Answer: D
Explanation:
HIPAA requires proper written authorization before a covered entity discloses protected health information for purposes that are not otherwise permitted by the Privacy Rule. In the answer choices, "written consent" is the closest required protection because the patient's permission must be documented, specific, and traceable. A driver's license may be used to help verify identity, but it does not authorize disclosure of medical information. Verbal consent is not sufficient for many disclosures because it lacks the required written documentation and specific authorization elements. Insurance authorization relates to payment approval or coverage verification and does not automatically permit broad disclosure of medical information. For phlebotomy practice, HIPAA compliance means discussing patient information only with authorized personnel, limiting information to the minimum necessary, protecting requisitions and labels, and avoiding disclosure in public areas. HHS states that HIPAA authorizations must be written in specific terms and may permit use or disclosure of protected health information. NHA CPT safety and compliance competencies include patient rights, privacy, confidentiality, HIPAA, and legal responsibilities. Reference topics: Safety and Compliance; HIPAA; confidentiality; protected health information.
NEW QUESTION # 96
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