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Cisco 300-540 Exam Syllabus Topics:

TopicDetails
Topic 1
  • High Availability: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Infrastructure Architects and covers the design and implementation of redundancy and resiliency mechanisms in virtualized network functions and distributed cloud platforms. It includes data plane redundancy for VNFs, high availability within a single VIM control plane, and resilient compute, vNIC, and top-of-rack switching. The exam requires an understanding of multi-homing, EVLAG configurations, virtual private cloud deployment, and ECMP strategies for NFVI integrations with physical routing protocols such as BGP, OSPF, and IS-IS. Candidates must also recommend suitable high-availability models involving DNS, routing, and load balancing.
Topic 2
  • Security: This section of the exam measures the skills of Network Security Engineers and covers the implementation of infrastructure-level protection in cloud and NFVI ecosystems. It includes topics such as ACLs, uRPF, RTBH, router hardening, BGP flowspec, TACACS, and MACSEC. Candidates should understand DoS mitigation methods and apply security practices within NFVI, focusing on API protection, securing the control and management plane, and segmentation strategies in service provider cloud environments. The domain also evaluates basic knowledge of TLS, mTLS, and general cloud security solutions related to DNS protection, zero-day defenses, and malware detection.
Topic 3
  • Service Assurance and Optimization: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Operations Engineers and covers assurance mechanisms used to maintain performance, stability, and visibility across NFVI environments. It includes network assurance concepts such as MANO frameworks, VNF workload monitoring, VIM control plane KPIs, and streaming telemetry with gRPC and gNMI. Candidates must understand cloud infrastructure performance monitoring tools, including SR-PM, NetFlow, IPFIX, syslog, SNMP traps, RMON, cloud agents, and automated fault management systems. The domain also touches on diagnosing NFVI-related errors and optimizing VNFs using techniques such as SR-IOV and software-accelerated virtual switching technologies like DPDK and VPP.
Topic 4
  • Virtualized Architecture: This section of the exam measures the skills of Cloud Network Engineers and covers the foundational concepts of virtualized infrastructures used in modern service provider and cloud environments. Candidates are expected to understand constraints in IaaS designs, determine appropriate cloud service models, and demonstrate awareness of container orchestration compared to traditional virtual machines. The exam also evaluates the ability to implement key virtualization functions such as NFV, VNF, NSO, and virtualized Cisco platforms. Learners must be able to deploy NFV with automation tools, manage VNF onboarding, work with NSO-driven orchestration, and use protocols like NETCONF, RESTCONF, REST APIs, and gNMI within automated cloud ecosystems. A general understanding of supporting platforms such as OpenStack also forms part of the required knowledge in this domain.
Topic 5
  • Cloud Interconnect: This section of the exam measures the skills of Service Provider Network Engineers and covers how large networks interconnect with cloud platforms and carrier-neutral facilities. Candidates are expected to understand various connectivity options to cloud providers, customer sites, and other neutral facilities, as well as evaluate WAN connectivity models such as direct connect, MPLS or segment routing, and IPsec VPN links. The domain also includes the ability to troubleshoot advanced data center interconnect solutions, including EVPN VXLAN, EVPN over SR
  • MPLS, ACI-based connectivity, and pseudowire architectures supporting cloud-to-cloud and cloud-to-edge communication.

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Cisco Designing and Implementing Cisco Service Provider Cloud Network Infrastructure Sample Questions (Q12-Q17):

NEW QUESTION # 12
What is an information-gathering capability of Cisco IOS Flexible NetFlow in Cisco NFVI?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Cisco NFVI Knowledge
Cisco IOSFlexible NetFlowis the primary telemetry and flow-collection mechanism used across Cisco NFVI platforms. One of its powerful information-gathering capabilities is the ability to createmultiple, separate flow caches, each one with:
* Its own key fields
* Its own record type
* Its own export destination
This allows NFVI deployments to capturedifferent types of traffic visibility(control plane, data plane, management, or tenant-specific flows) withindependent caches, which improves scalability and granularity.
Why the other options are incorrect:
* DockerandKubernetes(B, D) are container orchestration tools, unrelated to NetFlow flow-gathering capabilities.
* Single cache(C) is traditional NetFlow, not Flexible NetFlow. Flexible NetFlow explicitly supports multiple independent caches.


NEW QUESTION # 13
Carrier-neutral facilities offer connectivity options to cloud providers through which of the following?
(Choose two)

Answer: B,D


NEW QUESTION # 14
Which type of cyberattack does Cisco Umbrella DNS-layer security effectively help mitigate?

Answer: A

Explanation:
Cisco Umbrella DNS-layer security:
* Blocks malicious domains used inphishing,malware,C2 communications, andransomware
* Stops threatsbeforeconnections are made
* Uses DNS-based filtering and threat intelligence
It doesnotmitigate:
* DDoS (needs scrubbing centers)
* Brute force login attempts
* Zero-day exploits directly
Thus,Ais correct.


NEW QUESTION # 15
SR-IOV technology improves network performance by:

Answer: A


NEW QUESTION # 16

Refer to the exhibit. An engineer must stop a DoS attack on web and mail servers by using destination-based RTBH routing. Which two commands must be run on router R1? (Choose two)

Answer: A,C

Explanation:
Destination-based Remote Triggered Black Hole (RTBH) routing is a DDoS mitigation technique where trafficto a victim's IP addressis intentionally routed to a special next hop (usually Null0) so that the traffic is dropped as close to the source as possible.
On the edge router (R1 in the figure), this is accomplished by installing/32 static routesfor the victim endpoints, pointing to the null interface. When these routes are installed (often triggered via BGP in larger deployments), any traffic destined to those exact IP addresses is discarded.
In the topology:
* Web server IP:10.20.10.2
* Mail server IP:10.30.10.2
To perform destination-based RTBH at R1, we must configure static /32 routes to Null0 for each victim IP:
ip route 10.20.10.2 255.255.255.255 Null0
ip route 10.30.10.2 255.255.255.255 Null0
These correspond to:
* Option Cfor the web server (10.20.10.2)
* Option Afor the mail server (10.30.10.2)
The other options are incorrect for RTBH:
* BandDremove /24 routes via 10.10.10.2; they do not implement black-holing and would break normal routing rather than selectively drop attack traffic.
* Eblack-holes 10.20.10.1, which is the default gateway on R2, not the victim server; that would impact overall connectivity instead of just dropping traffic to the attacked host.


NEW QUESTION # 17
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