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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Service Provider Architecture & Junos Fundamentals | - Service provider network design basics
|
| BGP and Routing Policy | - Routing policy control
|
| OSPF and IS-IS Routing Protocols | - OSPF configuration and troubleshooting
|
| MPLS and Service Provider Technologies | - MPLS fundamentals
|
| Troubleshooting and Operations | - Performance and monitoring
|
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NEW QUESTION # 43
You are using EBGP to connect to two upstream peers in the same AS. You want to make one of the links less preferred for traffic entering your network from the peer's AS.
Which feature should you use to achieve this goal?
Answer: C
Explanation:
AS-path prepending artificially lengthens the AS-path attribute by adding additional instances of the local AS number when advertising routes to a specific external peer. Because BGP prefers routes with shorter AS paths, the upstream AS will consider the prepended path less attractive and will prefer the other link when sending traffic toward the network.
NEW QUESTION # 44
You are a network architect designing a brand new network. You want to deploy RSVP LSPs in this network.
You are currently in the process of choosing whether to run OSPF or IS-IS as your interior gateway protocol.
In this scenario, which two statements are correct about IGP traffic engineering extensions in an RSVP network? (Choose two.)
Answer: C,D
Explanation:
In a Juniper Networks environment, deployingRSVP-signaled LSPsrequires a functionalTraffic Engineering Database (TED). This database is populated by the Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP) using specific extensions that carry link-state information beyond simple reachability, such as available bandwidth, administrative groups (link coloring), and Maximum Reservable Bandwidth.
The behavior of these extensions differs betweenOSPFandIS-ISin Junos OS:
* OSPF (Option C):By default, OSPF is a "pure" routing protocol. To support RSVP-TE, it must carry Opaque LSAs (Type 10). According to Juniper documentation, you mustexplicitly configuretraffic engineering within the OSPF protocol hierarchy using the set protocols ospf traffic-engineering command. Without this command, OSPF will not flood the TE information required by the Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) algorithm, and LSPs will fail to establish.
* IS-IS (Option D):IS-IS was designed to be extensible through the use of TLVs (Type, Length, Value).
In Junos OS,IS-IS traffic engineering extensions are enabled by defaultonce the protocol is active.
As soon as you enable IS-IS on an interface, it begins to advertise the wide metrics and TE TLVs (like TLV 22 and 135) necessary for building the TED.
This distinction is a common design consideration for network architects. While IS-IS simplifies the rollout of MPLS by having TE enabled "out of the box," OSPF requires that extra configuration step to transition from a standard IGP to a TE-aware protocol.
NEW QUESTION # 45
What happens if an IS-IS router receives a link-state PDU with a higher sequence number than the one in its database?
Answer: D
Explanation:
IS-IS is a link-state protocol that relies on the rapid and consistent flooding ofLink-State PDUs (LSPs)to ensure that every router in an area has an identical view of the topology. To manage the "freshness" of information, IS-IS uses aSequence Number-a 32-bit unsigned integer that increments every time the originating router makes a change to its LSP.
According to Juniper Networks technical documentation, when a router receives an LSP, it performs a comparison between the received LSP and the version it currently holds in itsLink-State Database (LSDB).
If the received LSP has ahigher sequence number, the router concludes that this is "newer" and more accurate information. The router will then perform two immediate actions:
* Update:It replaces the older LSP in its LSDB with the newly received version.
* Flood:It propagates the new LSP to all other neighbors (except the one that sent it) to ensure the entire area converges on the new data.
If the sequence numbers were equal, the router would ignore the incoming PDU as it already has the information. If the received sequence number werelower, the router would conclude its own database is more recent and would actually send its own "newer" version back to the neighbor to bring them up to date (a process called "poisoning" or refreshing the neighbor).Complete Sequence Number PDUs (CSNPs)(Option C) are used during initial database synchronization or periodic checks on broadcast links, but the primary response to a "newer" LSP is immediate database update and flooding.
NEW QUESTION # 46
During OSPF neighbor establishment, which packet type is used to describe the contents of the link-state database?
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Database Description packet is used during OSPF neighbor establishment to summarize the contents of a router's link-state database. It contains headers of the LSAs so neighboring routers can compare databases and determine which LSAs need to be requested to synchronize their databases.
NEW QUESTION # 47
Which type of PDU is used in IS-IS to get an entire description of all link-state PDUs in the IS-IS database?
Answer: A
Explanation:
A Complete Sequence Number PDU (CSNP) is used to advertise a summary of all LSPs in the IS-IS link-state database. It contains the identifiers and sequence numbers for each LSP, allowing routers to compare databases and determine if any LSPs are missing or outdated.
NEW QUESTION # 48
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