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The Linux Essentials Certificate Exam is vendor-neutral, meaning that the certification is not tied to any specific Linux distribution. This makes it a valuable certification for individuals who are interested in working with Linux in a variety of environments. 010-160 Exam is also a good starting point for individuals who are interested in pursuing more advanced Linux certifications in the future.
NEW QUESTION # 14
What is the purpose of the PATH environment variable?
Answer: A
Explanation:
The PATH environment variable is a special variable that contains a list of directories that the system searches when looking for a command to execute12. The purpose of the PATH variable is to make it easier and faster for users to run commands without having to type the full path to the executable file. For example, if you want to run the ls command, which is located in the /bin directory, you don't have to type /bin/ls every time. You can just type ls, and the system will find the executable file in the /bin directory, which is one of the directories in the PATH variable. The PATH variable can be viewed with the echo command12:
$ echo $PATH
The PATH variable can also be modified by adding or removing directories, either temporarily or permanently, depending on the user's needs12. For example, if you have a custom script or program in your home directory, and you want to run it from anywhere, you can add your home directory to the PATH variable with the export command12:
$ export PATH=$PATH:~/myprogram
This will append your home directory to the end of the PATH variable, and the system will search it last when looking for a command. To make this change permanent, you need to edit a configuration file, such as ~/.bashrc or ~/.profile, and add the export command there12.
Reference:
How To View and Update the Linux PATH Environment Variable | DigitalOcean Linux path environment variable - Linux command line - LinuxConfig.org
NEW QUESTION # 15
Which one of the following statements concerning Linux passwords is true?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Linux passwords are not stored in plain text, but in a scrambled or encrypted form known as a hash. A hash is a one-way function that transforms a string of characters into a fixed-length value. The same input always produces the same hash, but it is impossible to reverse the process and recover the original input from the hash. This way, the system can verify the user's password without exposing it to anyone who can read the file where the hashes are stored. The file that contains the password hashes is /etc/shadow, which is only readable by the root user or members of the shadow group. The passwd utility is used to change the user's password, which updates the hash in the /etc/shadow file. Reference: Linux Essentials 1.6 Topic 105: Security and File Permissions, How to Change Account Passwords on Linux, Where is my password stored on Linux?
NEW QUESTION # 16
What is the return value of a shell script after successful execution?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The return value of a shell script after successful execution is 0. This is a convention followed by most UNIX and Linux commands, programs, and utilities. A return value of 0 indicates that the command or script completed successfully, without any errors. A return value of non-zero (1-255) indicates that the command or script failed, and the value can be interpreted as an error code. The return value of a command or script is stored in the special variable $? and can be used to test the outcome of a command or script123. For example, the following script will print a message based on the return value of the ls command:
#!/bin/bash ls if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then echo "ls command executed successfully" else echo "ls command failed" fi References: 1: Exit and Exit Status - Linux Documentation Project 2: Linux Passwd Command Help and Examples 3: bash - Which is the best way to check return result? - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange
NEW QUESTION # 17
Which of the following directories must be mounted with read and write access if it resides on its own dedicated file system?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
The /var directory must be mounted with read and write access if it resides on its own dedicated file system. The reason is that the /var directory contains files and directories that are expected to change in size and content as the normal operation of the system progresses, such as logs, spool files, and temporary files1.
Therefore, the /var directory needs to have enough space and permission to accommodate these changes. If the
/var directory is mounted as read-only, some system services and applications may fail to start or function properly2.
The other options are not directories that must be mounted with read and write access if they reside on their own dedicated file system. The /opt directory contains optional or third-party software packages that are not part of the default installation1. The /lib directory contains libraries and kernel modules that are essential for the binaries in /bin and /sbin directories1. The /etc directory contains configuration files for the system and applications1. The /usr directory contains user-related programs, libraries, documentation, and data1. These directories are usually mounted as read-only to prevent accidental or malicious modification of their contents3. References:
* Linux Essentials Exam Objectives, Version 1.6, Topic 102.1, Weight 3
* Linux Essentials Certification Guide, Chapter 2, Page 34-35
* Linux Filesystem Hierarchy, Chapter 3, Page 17-18
NEW QUESTION # 18
Which of the following outputs comes from the commandfree?
Answer: E
NEW QUESTION # 19
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