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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Cloud and IoT Security | - Cloud computing security concepts - IoT security fundamentals |
| Web and Application Security | - Web application hacking techniques |
| Introduction to Ethical Hacking | - Ethical hacking concepts and methodology |
| System Hacking | - Malware threats and system exploitation - Gaining access and privilege escalation |
| Wireless and Mobile Security | - Wireless network attacks - Mobile platform vulnerabilities |
| Cryptography | - Encryption, hashing, and cryptanalysis |
| Network Attacks | - Denial of Service (DoS/DDoS) - Sniffing and session hijacking |
| Reconnaissance Techniques | - Footprinting and information gathering - Scanning networks and enumeration |
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NEW QUESTION # 504
In Dallas, Texas, ethical hacker Ethan Brooks is hired by Lone Star Credit Union to assess the security of their online banking portal, which processes customer transactions. During his penetration test, Ethan probes the web server hosting the portal, experimenting with crafted URL requests. He notices that by altering the URL parameters in a specific way, the server returns data from areas of the system that should be restricted, revealing configuration files not intended for public access. Suspecting this behavior indicates a vulnerability, Ethan documents the issue to help the security team strengthen their defenses against potential unauthorized access.
Which technique is Ethan most likely using to uncover the vulnerability in Lone Star Credit Union's web server?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Directory Traversal, also called path traversal, is a web attack in which an attacker manipulates file path input so the server accesses files outside the intended web directory. In CEH guidance on web application attacks, this commonly happens when an application builds a file path from user-controlled input such as a URL parameter that indicates a filename, folder, language pack, template, or download resource. If the server does not properly validate and normalize the supplied path, an attacker can inject traversal sequences such as dot- dot-slash patterns or encoded equivalents to move up directories and retrieve sensitive files.
The scenario describes Ethan changing URL parameters and receiving "data from areas of the system that should be restricted," specifically "configuration files not intended for public access." That is the hallmark outcome of directory traversal: unauthorized read access to files like application configs, environment settings, keys, or server configuration that can later enable deeper compromise. This is not password cracking because no credential guessing or authentication attack is involved. It is not web cache poisoning, which targets shared caching infrastructure to serve poisoned content to other users. It is not HTTP response splitting, which relies on injecting CRLF characters to manipulate response headers and potentially cause caching or XSS side effects.
CEH-aligned remediation focuses on strict allowlisting of permitted file resources, canonicalizing paths before access, rejecting traversal tokens and their encoded forms, using indirect object references instead of raw file paths, and enforcing least-privilege permissions so sensitive configuration files are not web- accessible even if a validation mistake occurs.
NEW QUESTION # 505
In this attack, an adversary tricks a victim into reinstalling an already-in-use key. This is achieved by manipulating and replaying cryptographic handshake messages. When the victim reinstalls the key, associated parameters such as the incremental transmit packet number and receive packet number are reset to their initial values. What is this attack called?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 506
A penetration tester is hired to legally assess the security of a company's network by identifying vulnerabilities and attempting to exploit them. What type of hacker is this?
Answer: C
Explanation:
CEH v13 defines a white hat hacker as a security professional with explicit authorization to perform penetration testing, vulnerability assessments, and exploitation attempts within legal and contractual boundaries. Their objective is to strengthen security, not compromise it. White hats follow structured methodologies, document findings, and provide remediation recommendations. A black hat (Option A) acts maliciously and without permission. A grey hat (Option B) operates without authorization but without harmful intent, which is not compliant with corporate penetration testing procedures. Script kiddies (Option C) rely on pre-built tools without deep knowledge and are not employed for legitimate engagements.
Therefore, the individual described is a white hat, operating under legal and ethical guidelines with organizational consent.
NEW QUESTION # 507
In Trojan terminology, what is a covert channel?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation:
A covert channel is any communication path that allows data to be transferred in violation of a system's security policy. It's commonly used by malware or Trojans to exfiltrate data or send commands undetected.
Examples include:
Encoding data in TCP headers (unused bits)
Timing of packets (timing channel)
Use of legitimate protocols to piggyback malicious traffic
From CEH v13 Courseware:
Module 6: Malware Threats # Trojans and Covert Channels
Reference:CEH v13 Study Guide - Module 6: Trojan Communication # Covert and Overt ChannelsNIST SP
800-53 - Covert Channel Analysis
NEW QUESTION # 508
An ethical hacker needs to gather sensitive information about a company's internal network without engaging directly with the organization's systems to avoid detection. Which method should be employed to obtain this information discreetly?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Analyzing job postings is a passive reconnaissance technique that can reveal internal technologies, platforms, and network details without interacting with or probing the organization's systems, thereby avoiding detection.
NEW QUESTION # 509
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