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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
| Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
| Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
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질문 # 19
How are data and information related?
정답：C
설명：
Data and information are related concepts, but they are not the same. Data are simply facts or figures that represent raw facts or figures and form the basis of information. Information is data that has been given value through analysis, interpretation, or compilation in a meaningful form. When meaning and value are assigned to data, it becomes information that can be used for decision making, problem solving, or communication. Therefore, the correct answer is C. Reference: ISO/IEC 27000:2022, clause 3.7; Data vs Information - Difference and Comparison | Diffen.
질문 # 20
You are performing an ISMS audit at a residential nursing home that provides healthcare services. The next step in your audit plan is to verify the information security of the business continuity management process. During the audit, you learned that the organisation activated one of the business continuity plans (BCPs) to make sure the nursing service continued during the recent pandemic. You ask the Service Manager to explain how the organization manages information security during the business continuity management process.
The Service Manager presented the nursing service continuity plan for a pandemic and summarised the process as follows:
Stop the admission of any NEW residents.
70% of administration staff and 30% of medical staff will work from home.
Regular staff self-testing, including submitting a negative test report 1 day BEFORE they come to the office.
Install ABC's healthcare mobile app, tracking their footprint and presenting a GREEN Health Status QR-Code for checking on the spot.
You ask the Service Manager how to prevent non-relevant family members or interested parties from accessing residents' personal data when staff work from home. The Service Manager cannot answer and suggests the IT Security Manager should help with that.
You would like to further investigate other areas to collect more audit evidence. Select three options that will not be in your audit trail.
정답：A,D,F
설명：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 clause 6.1, the organization must establish, implement and maintain an information security risk management process that includes the following activities:
* establishing and maintaining information security risk criteria;
* ensuring that repeated information security risk assessments produce consistent, valid and comparable results;
* identifying the information security risks;
* analyzing the information security risks;
* evaluating the information security risks;
* treating the information security risks;
* accepting the information security risks and the residual information security risks;
* communicating and consulting with stakeholders throughout the process;
* monitoring and reviewing the information security risks and the risk treatment plan.
According to control A.5.29, the organization must establish, document, implement and maintain processes, procedures and controls to ensure the required level of continuity for information security during a disruptive situation. The organization must also:
* determine its requirements for information security and the continuity of information security management in adverse situations, e.g. during a crisis or disaster;
* establish, document, implement and maintain processes, procedures and controls to ensure the required level of continuity for information security during an adverse situation;
* verify the availability of information processing facilities.
Therefore, the following options will not be in your audit trail, as they are not relevant to the information security risk management process or the information security continuity process:
* E. Collect more evidence on how the organisation makes sure all staff periodically conduct a positive Covid test (Relevant to control A.7.2). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the health and safety of the staff, not the protection of information assets. Control A.7.2 is about screening of personnel prior to employment, not during employment.
* G. Collect more evidence on how the organisation performs a business risk assessment to evaluate how fast the existing residents can be discharged from the nursing home. (Relevant to clause 6). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the operational and financial aspects of the business, not the identification and treatment of information security risks. Clause 6 is about the information security risk management process, not the business risk management process.
* H. Collect more evidence on what resources the organisation provides to support the staff working from home. (Relevant to clause 7.1). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the general provision of resources for the ISMS, not the specific processes, procedures and controls to ensure the continuity of information security during a disruptive situation. Clause 7.1 is about determining and providing the resources needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of the ISMS, not the resources needed for the staff working from home.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clauses 6.1, 7.1, and Annex A control A.5.29
[PECB Candidate Handbook ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor], pages 14-15, 17, 22-23 ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Control 5.29 - What's New?
ISO 22301 Business Continuity Management System
질문 # 21
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader conducting a third-party surveillance audit of an internet services provider. You are reviewing the organization's risk assessment processes for conformity with ISO/IEC 27001:2022.
Which three of the following audit findings would prompt you to raise a nonconformity report?
정답：B,F,H
설명：
Explanation
The three audit findings that would prompt you to raise a nonconformity report are:
*The organisation is treating information security risks in the order in which they are identified
*The organisation's risk assessment criteria have not been reviewed and approved by top management
*The organisation's information security risk assessment process is based solely on an assessment of the impact of each risk According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 6.1.2, the organisation must establish and maintain an information security risk management process that is consistent with the organisation's context and aligned with its overall risk management approach1. This process must include the following steps:
*Establishing the risk assessment criteria, which must be approved by top management and reflect the organisation's risk appetite and objectives2
*Identifying the information security risks, which must consider the assets, threats, vulnerabilities, impacts, and likelihoods3
*Analysing the information security risks, which must determine the levels of risk and compare them with the risk criteria4
*Evaluating the information security risks, which must prioritise the risks and decide whether they need treatment or not5 Therefore, the audit findings B, E, and F indicate that the organisation is not following the required steps of the information security risk management process, and thus are nonconformities with the standard.
The other audit findings are not necessarily nonconformities, as they may be acceptable depending on the organisation's context and justification. For example:
*Audit finding A may be acceptable if the organisation has identified and treated the additional information security risks that are relevant to its scope and objectives, and has documented the rationale for doing so6
*Audit finding C may be acceptable if the organisation has assigned clear roles and responsibilities for the information security risk management process, and has ensured that the risk owners have the authority and competence to manage the risks7
*Audit finding D may be acceptable if the organisation has defined and communicated the meaning and implications of the emoji-based risk classification, and has ensured that it is consistent with the risk criteria and the risk treatment process8
*Audit finding G may be acceptable if the organisation has justified the use of discrete values for the probability of the information security risks, and has ensured that they are realistic and consistent with the risk criteria and the risk analysis method9
*Audit finding H may be acceptable if the organisation has established and maintained different systems for assessing operational and strategic information security risks, and has ensured that they are integrated and aligned with the overall risk management approach and the ISMS objectives10 References: 1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2; 2: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 a); 3: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 b); 4: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 c); 5: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 d); 6: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, A.0.2; 7:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 5.3; 8: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 a) 2); 9: ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 c) 2); 10:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, 6.1.2 a) 1); : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; :
ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC
27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022; : ISO/IEC 27001:2022
질문 # 22
Scenario 7: Webvue. headquartered in Japan, is a technology company specializing in the development, support, and maintenance of computer software. Webvue provides solutions across various technology fields and business sectors. Its flagship service is CloudWebvue, a comprehensive cloud computing platform offering storage, networking, and virtual computing services. Designed for both businesses and individual users. CloudWebvue is known for its flexibility, scalability, and reliability.
Webvue has decided to only include CloudWebvue in its ISO/IEC 27001 certification scope. Thus, the stage 1 and 2 audits were performed simultaneously Webvue takes pride in its strictness regarding asset confidentiality They protect the information stored in CloudWebvue by using appropriate cryptographic controls. Every piece of information of any classification level, whether for internal use. restricted, or confidential, is first encrypted with a unique corresponding hash and then stored in the cloud The audit team comprised five persons Keith. Sean. Layla, Sam. and Tin a. Keith, the most experienced auditor on the IT and information security auditing team, was the audit team leader. His responsibilities included planning the audit and managing the audit team. Sean and Layla were experienced in project planning, business analysis, and IT systems (hardware and application) Their tasks included audit planning according to Webvue's internal systems and processes Sam and Tina, on the other hand, who had recently completed their education, were responsible for completing the day-to-day tasks while developing their audit skills While verifying conformity to control 8.24 Use of cryptography of ISO/IEC 27001 Annex A through interviews with the relevant staff, the audit team found out that the cryptographic keys have been initially generated based on random bit generator (RBG) and other best practices for the generation of the cryptographic keys. After checking Webvue's cryptography policy, they concluded that the information obtained by the interviews was true. However, the cryptographic keys are still in use because the policy does not address the use and lifetime of cryptographic keys.
As later agreed upon between Webvue and the certification body, the audit team opted to conduct a virtual audit specifically focused on verifying conformity to control 8.11 Data Masking of ISO/IEC 27001 within Webvue, aligning with the certification scope and audit objectives. They examined the processes involved in protecting data within CloudWebvue. focusing on how the company adhered to its policies and regulatory standards. As part of this process. Keith, the audit team leader, took screenshot copies of relevant documents and cryptographic key management procedures to document and analyze the effectiveness of Webvue's practices.
Webvue uses generated test data for testing purposes. However, as determined by both the interview with the manager of the QA Department and the procedures used by this department, sometimes live system data are used. In such scenarios, large amounts of data are generated while producing more accurate results. The test data is protected and controlled, as verified by the simulation of the encryption process performed by Webvue's personnel during the audit While interviewing the manager of the QA Department, Keith observed that employees in the Security Training Department were not following proper procedures, even though this department fell outside the audit scope. Despite the exclusion in the audit scope, the non conformity in the Security Training Department has potential implications for the processes within the audit scope, specifically impacting data security and cryptographic practices in CloudWebvue. Therefore, Keith incorporated this finding into the audit report and accordingly informed the auditee.
Based on the scenario above, answer the following question:
Based on Scenario 7, which audit procedure was used to verify conformity to the use of test data?
정답：B
설명：
Comprehensive and Detailed In-Depth
C . Correct Answer:
Technical verification involves directly testing or simulating controls.
Webvue's personnel simulated the encryption process, confirming test data security measures.
A . Incorrect:
Document review is passive, while technical verification is active and includes real-time assessments.
B . Incorrect:
Corroboration is about cross-checking information, whereas technical verification tests controls in practice.
Relevant Standard Reference:
질문 # 23
You are an experienced ISMS audit team leader who is currently conducting a third party initial certification audit of a new client, using ISO/IEC 27001:2022 as your criteria.
It is the afternoon of the second day of a 2-day audit, and you are just about to start writing your audit report.
So far no nonconformities have been identified and you and your team have been impressed with both the site and the organisation's ISMS.
At this point, a member of your team approaches you and tells you that she has been unable to complete her assessment of leadership and commitment as she has spent too long reviewing the planning of changes.
Which one of the following actions will you take in response to this information?
정답：C
설명：
Leadership and commitment is a key requirement of ISO/IEC 27001:2022, as it establishes the top management's role and responsibility in establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving the ISMS. Without assessing this aspect, the audit team cannot conclude that the ISMS is effective and conforms to the standard. Therefore, the audit team leader should advise the auditee and audit client that it is not possible to make a positive recommendation at this point, and explain the reason and the implications. The audit team leader should also consult with the certification body and the audit programme manager on the next steps, such as extending the audit duration, conducting a follow-up audit, or issuing a conditional certification, depending on the certification body's policy and the audit client's agreement. References: =
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clause 5, Leadership
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 19, Audit Process
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 22, Audit Report
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, page 23, Audit Conclusion and Recommendation
질문 # 24
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