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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Information Systems Acquisition, Development and Implementation | 12% | - Project Management Controls - Testing and Implementation Controls - System Development Lifecycle (SDLC) |
| Information Systems Operations and Business Resilience | 23% | - Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery - IT Operations Management - Service Level Management |
| Governance and Management of IT | 17% | - IT Governance Frameworks - IT Policies and Procedures - Risk Management and Compliance |
| Information Systems Auditing Process | 21% | - Audit Planning and Execution - Audit Standards and Guidelines - Audit Reporting and Follow-up |
| Protection of Information Assets | 27% | - Access Control and Identity Management - Information Security Governance - Data Protection and Security Monitoring |
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NEW QUESTION # 194
Secure code reviews as part of a conbnuous deployment program are which type of control?
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 195
The MOST significant reason for using ley performance indicators (KPIs) to track the progress of IT projects against their initial targets is that they:
Answer: C
Explanation:
The most significant reason for using key performance indicators (KPIs) is that they provide timely indications of when corrective actions need to be taken. KPIs help track the progress of IT projects against their targets, enabling the project team and management to address issues early and keep the project on track.
NEW QUESTION # 196
Which of the following software development methods is based on iterative and incremental development,
where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-organizing, cross-functional
teams?
Answer: D
Explanation:
Section: Information System Acquisition, Development and Implementation
Explanation/Reference:
For your exam you should know below information about agile development:
Agile software development is a group of software development methods based on iterative and
incremental development, where requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration between self-
organizing, cross-functional teams. It promotes adaptive planning, evolutionary development and delivery, a
time-boxed iterative approach, and encourages rapid and flexible response to change. It is a conceptual
framework that promotes foreseen tight iterations throughout the development cycle.
Agile Development
The Agile Manifesto introduced the term in 2001. Since then, the Agile Movement, with all its values,
principles, methods, practices, tools, champions and practitioners, philosophies and cultures, has
significantly changed the landscape of the modern software engineering and commercial software
development in the Internet era.
Agile principles
The Agile Manifesto is based on twelve principles:
Customer satisfaction by rapid delivery of useful software
Welcome changing requirements, even late in development
Working software is delivered frequently (weeks rather than months)
Close, daily cooperation between business people and developers
Projects are built around motivated individuals, who should be trusted
Face-to-face conversation is the best form of communication (co-location)
Working software is the principal measure of progress
Sustainable development, able to maintain a constant pace
Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design
Simplicity-the art of maximizing the amount of work not done-is essential
Self-organizing teams
Regular adaptation to changing circumstances
What is Scrum?
Scrum is the most popular way of introducing Agility due to its simplicity and flexibility. Because of this
popularity, many organizations claim to be "doing Scrum" but aren't doing anything close to Scrum's actual
definition. Scrum emphasizes empirical feedback, team self-management, and striving to build properly
tested product increments within short iterations. Doing Scrum as it's actually defined usually comes into
conflict with existing habits at established non-Agile organizations.
The following were incorrect answers:
Software prototyping- Software prototyping, refers to the activity of creating prototypes of software
applications, i.e., incomplete versions of the software program being developed. It is an activity that can
occur in software development and is comparable to prototyping as known from other fields, such as
mechanical engineering or manufacturing.
Rapid application development (RAD) is a software development methodology that uses minimal planning
in favor of rapid prototyping. The "planning" of software developed using RAD is interleaved with writing the
software itself. The lack of extensive per-planning generally allows software to be written much faster, and
makes it easier to change requirements.
Component Based Development - It is a reuse-based approach to defining, implementing and composing
loosely coupled independent components into systems. This practice aims to bring about an equally wide-
ranging degree of benefits in both the short-term and the long-term for the software itself and for
organizations that sponsor such software.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 Page number 194
NEW QUESTION # 197
Which of the following term related to network performance refers to the number of corrupted bits expressed as a percentage or fraction of the total sent?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Error rate is the number of corrupted bits expressed as a percentage or fraction of the total sent For your exam you should know below information about Network performance:
Network performance refers to measurement of service quality of a telecommunications product as seen by the customer.
The following list gives examples of network performance measures for a circuit-switched network and one type of packet-switched network (ATM):
Circuit-switched networks: In circuit switched networks, network performance is synonymous with the grade of service. The number of rejected calls is a measure of how well the network is performing under heavy traffic loads. Other types of performance measures can include noise, echo and so on.
ATM: In an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) network, performance can be measured by line rate, quality of service (QoS), data throughput, connect time, stability, technology, modulation technique and modem enhancements.
There are many different ways to measure the performance of a network, as each network is different in nature and design. Performance can also be modeled instead of measured; one example of this is using state transition diagrams to model queuing performance in a circuit-switched network. These diagrams allow the network planner to analyze how the network will perform in each state, ensuring that the network will be optimally designed.
The following measures are often considered important:
Bandwidth - Bandwidth is commonly measured in bits/second is the maximum rate that information can be transferred Throughput - Throughput is the actual rate that information is transferred Latency - Latency is the delay between the sender and the receiver decoding it, this is mainly a function of the signals travel time, and processing time at any nodes the information traverses Jitter - Jitter is the variation in the time of arrival at the receiver of the information Error Rate - Error rate is the number of corrupted bits expressed as a percentage or fraction of the total sen The following answers are incorrect:
Bandwidth - Bandwidth is commonly measured in bits/second is the maximum rate that information can be transferred Throughput - Throughput is the actual rate that information is transferred Latency - Latency is the delay between the sender and the receiver decoding it, this is mainly a function of the signals travel time, and processing time at any nodes the information traverses The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA review manual 2014 page number 275
NEW QUESTION # 198
What are the different types of Audits?
Answer: B
Explanation:
Section: The process of Auditing Information System
Explanation/Reference:
Compliance, financial, operational, forensic and integrated are different types of audit.
For your exam you should know the information below:
What is an audit?
An audit in general terms is a process of evaluating an individual or organization's accounts. This is usually
done by an independent auditing body. Thus, audit involves a competent and independent person obtaining
evidence and evaluating it objectively with regard to a given entity, which in this case is the subject of audit,
in order to establish conformance to a given set of standards. Audit can be on a person, organization,
system, enterprise, project or product.
Compliance Audit
A compliance audit is a comprehensive review of an organization's adherence to regulatory guidelines.
Independent accounting, security or IT consultants evaluate the strength and thoroughness of compliance
preparations. Auditors review security polices, user access controls and risk management procedures over
the course of a compliance audit. Compliance audit include specific tests of controls to demonstrate
adherence to specific regulatory or industry standard. These audits often overlap traditional audits, but may
focus on particular system or data.
What, precisely, is examined in a compliance audit will vary depending upon whether an organization is a
public or private company, what kind of data it handles and if it transmits or stores sensitive financial data.
For instance, SOX requirements mean that any electronic communication must be backed up and secured
with reasonable disaster recovery infrastructure. Health care providers that store or transmit e-health
records, like personal health information, are subject to HIPAA requirements. Financial services companies
that transmit credit card data are subject to PCI DSS requirements. In each case, the organization must be
able to demonstrate compliance by producing an audit trail, often generated by data from event log
management software.
Financial Audit
A financial audit, or more accurately, an audit of financial statements, is the verification of the financial
statements of a legal entity, with a view to express an audit opinion. The audit opinion is intended to provide
reasonable assurance, but not absolute assurance, that the financial statements are presented fairly, in all
material respects, and/or give a true and fair view in accordance with the financial reporting framework.
The purpose of an audit is to provide an objective independent examination of the financial statements,
which increases the value and credibility of the financial statements produced by management, thus
increase user confidence in the financial statement, reduce investor risk and consequently reduce the cost
of capital of the preparer of the financial statements.
Operational Audit
Operational Audit is a systematic review of effectiveness, efficiency and economy of operation. Operational
audit is a future-oriented, systematic, and independent evaluation of organizational activities. In Operational
audit financial data may be used, but the primary sources of evidence are the operational policies and
achievements related to organizational objectives. Operational audit is a more comprehensive form of an
Internal audit.
The Institute of Internal Auditor (IIA) defines Operational Audit as a systematic process of evaluating an
organization's effectiveness, efficiency and economy of operations under management's control and
reporting to appropriate persons the results of the evaluation along with recommendations for
improvement.
Objectives
To appraise the effectiveness and efficiency of a division, activity, or operation of the entity in meeting
organizational goals.
To understand the responsibilities and risks faced by an organization.
To identify, with management participation, opportunities for improving control.
To provide senior management of the organization with a detailed understanding of the Operations.
Integrated Audits
An integrated audit combines financial and operational audit steps. An integrated audit is also performed to
assess overall objectives within an organization, related to financial information and asset, safeguarding,
efficiency and or internal auditors and would include compliance test of internal controls and substantive
audit step.
IS Audit
An information technology audit, or information systems audit, is an examination of the management
controls within an Information technology (IT) infrastructure. The evaluation of obtained evidence
determines if the information systems are safeguarding assets, maintaining data integrity, and operating
effectively to achieve the organization's goals or objectives. These reviews may be performed in
conjunction with a financial statement audit, internal audit, or other form of attestation engagement.
The primary functions of an IT audit are to evaluate the systems that are in place to guard an organization's
information. Specifically, information technology audits are used to evaluate the organization's ability to
protect its information assets and to properly dispense information to authorized parties. The IT audit aims
to evaluate the following:
Will the organization's computer systems be available for the business at all times when required? (known
as availability) Will the information in the systems be disclosed only to authorized users? (known as
security and confidentiality) Will the information provided by the system always be accurate, reliable, and
timely? (measures the integrity) In this way, the audit hopes to assess the risk to the company's valuable
asset (its information) and establish methods of minimizing those risks.
Forensic Audit
Forensic audit is the activity that consists of gathering, verifying, processing, analyzing of and reporting on
data in order to obtain facts and/or evidence - in a predefined context - in the area of legal/financial
disputes and or irregularities (including fraud) and giving preventative advice.
The purpose of a forensic audit is to use accounting procedures to collect evidence for the prosecution or
investigation of financial crimes such as theft or fraud. Forensic audits may be conducted to determine if
wrongdoing occurred, or to gather materials for the case against an alleged criminal.
The following answers are incorrect:
Compliance, financial, operational, forensic and integrated are different types of audits. G9, SA1 and
capability are not the audit types.
The following reference(s) were/was used to create this question:
CISA Review Manual 2014 Page number 47
http://searchcompliance.techtarget.com/definition/compliance-audit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_audit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_auditing
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_technology_audit
http://www.investorwords.com/16445/forensic_audit.html
NEW QUESTION # 199
......
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