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ISACA CISM Exam Syllabus Topics:

SectionWeightObjectives
Topic 1: Information Security Governance17%- Align information security strategy with organizational goals
- Establish and maintain an information security governance framework
Topic 2: Information Risk Management20%- Implement risk response strategies
- Identify and evaluate information security risks
Topic 3: Information Security Program Development and Management33%- Resource and program lifecycle management
- Develop and manage an information security program
- Integrate security requirements into business processes
Topic 4: Information Security Incident Management30%- Post-incident analysis and improvement
- Plan and establish incident response capabilities
- Detect, investigate, and manage security incidents

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ISACA Certified Information Security Manager Sample Questions (Q498-Q503):

NEW QUESTION # 498
A risk assessment exercise has identified the threat of a denial of service (DoS) attack Executive management has decided to take no further action related to this risk. The MO ST likely reason for this decision is

Answer: A

Explanation:
The most likely reason for executive management to take no further action related to the risk of a denial of service (DoS) attack is that the cost of implementing controls exceeds the potential financial losses. This means that the risk is acceptable or tolerable for the organization, and that the benefits of reducing the risk do not outweigh the costs of applying the controls. This decision is based on a cost-benefit analysis, which is a common technique for evaluating and comparing different risk response options. A cost-benefit analysis considers the following factors:
* The estimated impact of the risk, which is the potential loss or damage that the organization may suffer if the risk materializes. The impact can be expressed in quantitative or qualitative terms, such as monetary value, reputation, customer satisfaction, legal liability, etc.
* The estimated likelihood of occurrence, which is the probability or frequency that the risk will occur within a given time period. The likelihood can be expressed in numerical or descriptive terms, such as percentage, rating, high, medium, low, etc.
* The estimated cost of controls, which is the total amount of resources that the organization needs to invest in order to implement and maintain the controls. The cost can include direct and indirect expenses, such as hardware, software, personnel, training, maintenance, etc.
* The estimated benefit of controls, which is the reduction in the impact or likelihood of the risk as a result of implementing the controls. The benefit can be expressed in the same terms as the impact or likelihood, such as monetary value, percentage, rating, etc.
A cost-benefit analysis can be performed using various methods, such as net present value (NPV), return on investment (ROI), internal rate of return (IRR), etc. The general principle is to compare the cost and benefit of each control option, and select the one that provides the highest net benefit or the lowest net cost. A control option is considered feasible and desirable if its benefit exceeds its cost, or if its cost is lower than the impact of the risk.
In this case, executive management has decided to take no further action related to the risk of a DoS attack, which implies that the cost of implementing controls exceeds the potential financial losses. This could be because the impact or likelihood of the risk is low, or because the cost or complexity of the controls is high, or both. For example, the organization may have a robust backup and recovery system, a diversified network infrastructure, a strong customer loyalty, or a low dependency on online services, which reduce the impact or likelihood of a DoS attack. Alternatively, the organization may face technical, financial, or operational challenges in implementing effective controls, such as firewalls, load balancers, traffic filters, or cloud services, which increase the cost or complexity of the controls. Therefore, executive management may have concluded that the risk is acceptable or tolerable, and that taking no further action is the most rational and economical choice.
The other options are not the most likely reasons for executive management to take no further action related to the risk of a DoS attack, as they indicate a lack of proper risk assessment or validation. The risk assessment should define the likelihood of occurrence and the reported vulnerability should be validated, as these are essential steps for identifying and analyzing the risk. Executive management should be aware of the impact potential, as this is a key factor for evaluating and prioritizing the risk. If any of these options were true, executive management would not have enough information or evidence to make an informed and justified decision about the risk response. References =
* CISM Review Manual, Chapter 2, pages 67-69
* CISM Exam Content Outline | CISM Certification | ISACA, Domain 2, Task 2.2
* Information Security Risk Management for CISMยฎ - Pluralsight, Module 2, Section 2.3
* CISM: Information Risk Management Part 2 from Skillsoft - NICCS, Section 2.4 Executive management may not take action related to a risk if they have determined that the cost of implementing necessary controls to mitigate the risk exceeds the potential financial losses that the organization may incur if the risk were to materialize. In cases such as this, it is important for the information security team to provide the executive team with thorough cost-benefit analysis that outlines the cost of implementing the controls versus the expected losses from the risk.


NEW QUESTION # 499
During incident recovery, which of the following is the BEST approach to ensure the eradication of traces hidden by an attacker?

Answer: A


NEW QUESTION # 500
Isolation and containment measures for a compromised computer has been taken and information security management is now investigating. What is the MOST appropriate next step?

Answer: B

Explanation:
Section: INCIDENT MANAGEMENT AND RESPONSE
Explanation:
When investigating a security breach, it is important to preserve all traces of evidence left by the invader.
For this reason, it is imperative to preserve the memory' contents of the machine in order to analyze them later. The correct answer is choice C because a copy of the whole system's memory is obtained for future analysis by running the appropriate tools. This is also important from a legal perspective since an attorney may suggest that the system was changed during the conduct of the investigation. Running a computer forensics tool in the compromised machine will cause the creation of at least one process that may overwrite evidence. Rebooting the machine will delete the contents of the memory, erasing potential evidence. Collecting information about current connections and open Transmission Control Protocol/User Datagram Protocol (TCP/UDP) ports is correct, but doing so by using tools may also erase memory contents.


NEW QUESTION # 501
Which of the following is MOST helpful for protecting an enterprise from advanced persistent threats (APTs)?

Answer: C

Explanation:
Threat intelligence is the most helpful method for protecting an enterprise from advanced persistent threats (APTs), as it provides relevant and actionable information about the sources, methods, and intentions of the adversaries who conduct APTs. Threat intelligence can help to identify and anticipate the APTs that target the enterprise, as well as to enhance the detection, prevention, and response capabilities of the information security program. Threat intelligence can also help to reduce the impact and duration of the APTs, as well as to improve the resilience and recovery of the enterprise. Threat intelligence can be obtained from various sources, such as internal data, external feeds, industry peers, government agencies, or security vendors.
The other options are not as helpful as threat intelligence, as they do not provide a specific and timely way to protect the enterprise from APTs. Updated security policies are important to establish the rules, roles, and responsibilities for information security within the enterprise, as well as to align the information security program with the business objectives, standards, and regulations. However, updated security policies alone are not enough to protect the enterprise from APTs, as they do not address the dynamic and sophisticated nature of the APTs, nor do they provide the technical or operational measures to counter the APTs. Defined security standards are important to specify the minimum requirements and best practices for information security within the enterprise, as well as to ensure the consistency, quality, and compliance of the information security program. However, defined security standards alone are not enough to protect the enterprise from APTs, as they do not account for the customized and targeted nature of the APTs, nor do they provide the situational or contextual awareness to deal with the APTs. Regular antivirus updates are important to keep the antivirus software up to date with the latest signatures and definitions of the known malware, viruses, and other malicious code. However, regular antivirus updates alone are not enough to protect the enterprise from APTs, as they do not detect or prevent the unknown or zero-day malware, viruses, or other malicious code that are often used by the APTs, nor do they provide the behavioral or heuristic analysis to identify the APTs. References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, ISACA, 2022, pp. 211-212, 215-216, 233-234, 237-238.
CISM Questions, Answers & Explanations Database, ISACA, 2022, QID 1021.
Advanced Persistent Threats and Nation-State Actors 1
Book Review: Advanced Persistent Threats 2
Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) Protection 3
Establishing Advanced Persistent Security to Combat Long-Term Threats 4 What is the difference between Anti - APT (Advanced Persistent Threat) and ATP (Advanced Threat Protection)5


NEW QUESTION # 502
Which of the following is an information security manager's BEST course of action when a threat intelligence report indicates a large number of ransomware attacks targeting the industry?

Answer: C

Explanation:
The best course of action for an information security manager when a threat intelligence report indicates a large number of ransomware attacks targeting the industry is to assess the risk to the organization. This means evaluating the likelihood and impact of a potential ransomware attack on the organization's assets, operations, and reputation, based on the current threat landscape, the organization's security posture, and the effectiveness of the existing security controls. A risk assessment can help the information security manager prioritize the most critical assets and processes, identify the gaps and weaknesses in the security architecture, and determine the appropriate risk response strategies, such as avoidance, mitigation, transfer, or acceptance. A risk assessment can also provide a business case for requesting additional resources or support from senior management to improve the organization's security resilience and readiness. The other options are not the best course of action because they are either too reactive or too narrow in scope. Increasing the frequency of system backups (A) is a good practice to ensure data availability and recovery in case of a ransomware attack, but it does not address the prevention or detection of the attack, nor does it consider the potential data breach or extortion that may accompany the attack. Reviewing the mitigating security controls (B) is a part of the risk assessment process, but it is not sufficient by itself. The information security manager should also consider the threat sources, the vulnerabilities, the impact, and the risk appetite of the organization. Notifying staff members of the threat is a useful awareness and education measure, but it should be done after the risk assessment and in conjunction with other security policies and procedures. Staff members should be informed of the potential risks, the indicators of compromise, the reporting mechanisms, and the best practices to avoid or respond to a ransomware attack. Reference = CISM Review Manual 2022, pages 77-78, 81-82, 316; CISM Item Development Guide 2022, page 9; #StopRansomware Guide | CISA; [The Human Consequences of Ransomware Attacks - ISACA]; [Ransomware Response, Safeguards and Countermeasures - ISACA]


NEW QUESTION # 503
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