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| Section | Weight | Objectives |
|---|---|---|
| Topic 1: Certification and Accreditation Framework | 15% | - ISO/IEC 17021-1 requirements for certification bodies - Certification decision process - Principles of certification bodies - Surveillance and re-certification audits - Audit report preparation and documentation |
| Topic 2: Audit Principles and Audit Process | 20% | - Audit sampling methodology - Audit evidence collection techniques - Audit types and stages ( initiation, planning, execution, reporting) - Audit scope and objectives - Risk-based audit approach |
| Topic 3: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) and the ISO/IEC 27001 Standard | 15% | - Fundamental principles and concepts of information security - Regulatory and legal considerations in information security - Overview of ISO/IEC 27001 and its relationship with ISO/IEC 27002 |
| Topic 4: ISMS Audit Based on ISO 19011 and ISO/IEC 17021-1 | 25% | - Measuring, monitoring, and reporting ISMS performance - Auditing control selection and implementation (Annex A) - Auditing leadership commitment - Auditing organizational structure and roles - Auditing risk assessment and treatment processes - Auditing the context of the organization - Continual improvement processes |
| Topic 5: Audit Lifecycle and Competencies of the Lead Auditor | 25% | - Leading an audit team - Conflict resolution during audits - Audit communication strategies - Audit follow-up and corrective action verification - Managing audit relationships with audited parties |
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NEW QUESTION # 218
情境 8
Trustingo自2010年起在愛沙尼亞提供銀行和金融服務。該公司在全國擁有30家分行和100多台ATM機。為滿足嚴格的資料安全和隱私法規要求，Trustingo實施了基於ISO/IEC 27001的資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)，從而確保更高的安全性、更完善的風險管理以及對法律法規的合規性。
在成功實施資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 九個月後，Trustingo 決定委託獨立的認證機構，根據 ISO/IEC 27001 標準對其 ISMS 進行認證。此次認證審核涵蓋了 Trustingo 的系統、流程和技術。
審核組聯合進行了第一階段和第二階段審核，並發現了若干不符合項。
第一個不符合項與Trustingo的資訊標籤有關。該公司製定了資訊分類方案，但沒有資訊標籤程序。因此，需要相同保護等級的檔案卻被貼上了不同的標籤。
不符合項也影響了媒體處理。審核團隊採用抽樣方法，結論：50%
200個可移動儲存媒體儲存了敏感訊息，這些資訊被錯誤地歸類為機密資訊。根據資訊分類方案，機密資訊可以儲存在可移動儲存媒體中，而儲存敏感資訊則被嚴格禁止。
審核團隊起草了不符合項報告，並與 Trustingo 的代表討論了審核結論，Trustingo 的代表同意在兩個月內提交針對已發現不符合項的行動計劃。
由於認證建議的前提條件是提交糾正措施，Trustingo 必須提交糾正措施計劃，以說明其將如何解決這些不符合項。 Trustingo 接受了審核組長提出的解決方案，並透過制定資訊標籤程序和更新可移動媒體程序來解決這些不符合項。
審核結束後兩週，Trustingo提交了一份總體行動計畫。雖然該計劃涵蓋了已發現的不符合項以及已採取的糾正措施，但缺乏針對每項不符合項的詳細行動步驟，也沒有包含受影響的系統、控制措施或操作的具體資訊。審核小組對該行動計劃進行了評估。儘管如此，Trustingo仍收到了不利的認證建議。
問題
根據方案8，Trustingo提交了一份總體行動計畫。這份計劃是否可以接受？
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct answer is A, because a general action plan can be acceptable when multiple nonconformities share the same root cause, provided that the plan clearly addresses that root cause and demonstrates how recurrence will be prevented. ISO/IEC 27001 clause 10.1 requires organizations to determine the causes of nonconformities and implement corrective actions proportionate to the effects of those nonconformities. It does not mandate a one-to-one relationship between nonconformities and action plans.
In Scenario 8, both nonconformities stem from a common underlying issue: the absence of a formal information labeling procedure aligned with the information classification scheme. The mislabeling of information and the incorrect storage of sensitive information on removable media are consequences of this single systemic weakness. Therefore, a consolidated action plan targeting the root cause is conceptually acceptable.
However, the issue in the scenario is not that the plan was general, but that it lacked sufficient detail, such as clear action steps, responsibilities, timelines, and identification of affected systems and controls. Certification bodies require action plans to be specific, verifiable, and capable of being assessed for effectiveness.
Option B is incorrect because ISO standards do not require separate action plans for each nonconformity when a shared root cause exists. Option C is incorrect because audit team leader approval alone does not make an inadequate plan acceptable.
Thus, while a general action plan is acceptable in principle, it must still be detailed and robust to support certification.
NEW QUESTION # 219
您是經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核團隊負責人，負責進行第三方監督訪問。
您注意到，儘管受審核方聲稱符合 ISO/IEC 27001:2022，但他們仍將改進稱為第 10.2 條（與 2013 年版一樣），而現在是 2022 年版中的第 10.1 條。您已確認它們符合標準中規定的所有 2022 年要求。
選擇您應該採取的操作之一。
Answer: A
Explanation:
The correct action to take in this situation is to raise it as an opportunity for improvement. This is because the auditee is not violating any requirement of the standard, but rather using outdated terminology that does not reflect the current version of the standard. An opportunity for improvement is a suggestion for enhancing the performance or effectiveness of the ISMS1. It is not a nonconformity, which is a failure to fulfil a requirement2. Therefore, option B is incorrect. Option A is also incorrect, because noting the issue in the audit report without raising it as an opportunity for improvement would not provide any value or feedback to the auditee. Option D is also incorrect, because bringing the matter up at the closing meeting without documenting it as an opportunity for improvement would not ensure that the auditee takes any action to address it. References: 1: ISMS Auditing Guideline - ISO27000, page 11; 2: ISO/IEC 27000:2022, 3.28; :
ISMS Auditing Guideline - ISO27000; : ISO/IEC 27000:2022
NEW QUESTION # 220
當審核團隊的另一位成員向您尋求澄清時，您正在進行第三方監督審核。他們被要求評估組織對控制 5.7 - 威脅情報的應用。他們知道這是 2022 年版 ISO/IEC 中引入的新控制措施之一
27001，他們希望確保正確審核控制。
他們準備了一份清單來協助他們進行審核，並希望您確認他們計劃的活動符合控制要求。
下列哪三個選項代表有效的審計追蹤？
Answer: A,G,H
Explanation:
These three options represent valid audit trails for control 5.7, as they are aligned with the control's requirements and objectives. According to the web search results from my predefined tool, control 5.7 requires organisations to collect and analyse information relating to information security threats and use that information to take mitigation actions12. The control also specifies that threat intelligence should be relevant, perceptive, contextual, and actionable, and that it should be used to prevent, detect, or respond to threats34. Therefore, the auditor should verify how the organisation collects, analyses, and produces threat intelligence, how it uses threat intelligence to protect its information assets, and how it monitors and evaluates the effectiveness of its threat intelligence arrangements. The other options are not valid audit trails, as they are either irrelevant, incorrect, or incomplete. For example:
* The task of producing threat intelligence is not assigned to the organisation's internal audit team, but to the person or team responsible for the ISMS, such as the information security manager or the information security committee5 .
* The organisation's risk assessment process does not begin with effective threat intelligence, but with the identification of the context, scope, and objectives of the ISMS . Threat intelligence is an input for the risk identification and analysis, but not the starting point of the risk assessment process.
* Speaking to top management to make sure all staff are aware of the importance of reporting threats is not sufficient to audit the control, as it does not address how the organisation collects, analyses, and produces threat intelligence, nor how it uses it to take mitigation actions. The auditor should also speak to the staff involved in the threat intelligence process, and review the relevant documents and records.
* Checking that the organisation has a fully documented threat intelligence process is not enough to audit the control, as it does not verify the implementation and effectiveness of the process. The auditor should also observe the process in action, and examine the outputs and outcomes of the process.
* Determining whether internal and external sources of information are used in the production of threat intelligence is a partial audit trail, as it only covers one aspect of the control. The auditor should also assess the quality, reliability, and relevance of the sources, and how the information is analysed and used.
NEW QUESTION # 221
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 初始認證審核。審計計劃的下一步是召開末次會議。在最終審核小組會議上，身為審核組組長，您同意報告 2 項輕微不符合項和 1 項改進機會，如下：
選擇您將在最後一次會議上向受審核方提供建議的審核專案經理的建議選項。
Answer: A
Explanation:
*Minor Nonconformities: The identified nonconformities are minor, meaning they don't pose a significant risk to the information security management system (ISMS). They are likely to be easily rectified with focused corrective actions.
*Opportunity for Improvement: This is not a nonconformity but a suggestion for enhancing the ISMS. It doesn't require immediate corrective action but should be addressed in the organization's continual improvement efforts.
*Initial Certification: As this is an initial certification audit, the organization is expected to demonstrate its commitment to addressing any gaps identified. A partial audit allows for a focused follow-up on the specific areas of nonconformity, ensuring they have been adequately addressed.
Why other options are not suitable:
*A. Recommend certification after your approval of the proposed corrective action plan: While certification is the goal, it's premature to recommend it before verifying the effectiveness of the corrective actions.
*B. Recommend that a full scope re-audit is required within 6 months: This is too extensive for minor nonconformities. A full re-audit is usually reserved for major nonconformities or systemic issues.
*D. Recommend that the findings can be closed out at a surveillance audit in 1 year: This is too long a timeframe for addressing the nonconformities. Prompt corrective action is necessary to demonstrate commitment to the ISMS.
In summary, recommending a partial audit within 3 months strikes the right balance between allowing the organization time to implement corrective actions and ensuring timely verification of their effectiveness. This approach aligns with the principles of ISO 27001 and supports the organization's journey towards certification.
NEW QUESTION # 222
情境 4
SendPay是一家金融服務公司，專注於透過代理商和機構網路提供全球匯款服務。作為市場新秀，SendPay致力於提供優質服務，其去年推出的免手續費數位平台讓客戶可以隨時隨地透過智慧型手機和筆記型電腦收發款項。當時，SendPay將軟體營運外包給外部團隊，該團隊也負責管理公司的技術基礎設施。
最近，該公司在實施資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 近一年後，申請了 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。
在審計過程中，審計人員重點審查了 SendPay 的外包業務，特別是外包公司負責的軟體開發和技術基礎設施維護。
他們採取了一套結構化的方法，其中包括審查和評估SendPay用於監控外包業務品質的流程。這包括核實該公司是否履行了合約義務，確保其在聘用外包實體方面擁有適當的管理程序，以及評估SendPay在預期或意外終止外包協議的情況下所採取的應對措施。
然而，審計人員委婉地指出，SendPay的協議並未充分考慮到外包協議意外取消的情況。此外，SendPay委派的技術專家協助審計人員，提供了與受審計外包業務相關的專業知識和經驗。
審計團隊計算了員工接受資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 培訓的小時數，以確保其符合既定目標。他們也基於審計期間抽取的樣本，計算了資訊安全事件的平均解決時間，從而深入了解了 SendPay 的事件管理實務。此外，審計人員還評估了審計期間收集的證據的可靠性。他們考慮了影響審計證據可靠性的多個因素。例如，與照片相比，監視錄影提供的證據更為客觀。時間因素也對可靠性起著至關重要的作用，交易記錄等機制可以增強證據的可信度。
SendPay 使用雲端平台來提高營運效率和可擴展性。然而，由於資源限制，審計人員在審計過程中並未要求 SendPay 提供其雲端活動清單，而是依賴 SendPay 的陳述。
問題
在審計過程中，審計團隊在評估證據可靠性時主要考慮了哪些因素？請參考情境4。
Answer: A
Explanation:
The audit team primarily considered the objectivity of the evidence, making option B the correct answer. ISO
19011:2018 emphasizes that the reliability of audit evidence depends on several factors, including its objectivity, source, timing, and method of collection. Among these, objectivity is particularly important because it determines how free the evidence is from bias, interpretation, or subjective influence.
In the scenario, the auditors explicitly compared evidence from surveillance cameras with photos and concluded that surveillance footage provided more objective proof. This comparison directly highlights objectivity as a key consideration. Surveillance footage records events continuously and without human intervention, reducing the risk of manipulation or selective representation. Photos, by contrast, can be staged, selectively captured, or taken out of context, making them less objective.
The auditors also considered timing, such as transaction recording, which further supports objectivity by ensuring that events are recorded as they occur. While independence of the source is an important reliability factor, the scenario does not emphasize independence as the primary consideration. Instead, it focuses on how objective and trustworthy different forms of evidence are. Evidence collection techniques are also relevant, but the scenario describes the evaluation of evidence quality rather than how the evidence was gathered.
Therefore, based on the explicit examples provided, objectivity of the evidence was the primary factor considered when evaluating reliability.
NEW QUESTION # 223
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