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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
| Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
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質問 # 154
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 內部稽核師。
當 IT 經理找到您並要求您協助修改公司的適用性聲明時，您剛剛完成了組織的預定資訊安全審核。
IT 經理正在嘗試將基於 ISO/IEC 27001:2013 的適用性聲明更新為與 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 中的 4 個控制主題（組織控制、人員控制、實體控制、技術控制）一致的聲明。
IT 經理對控制權的重新分配感到滿意，但以下情況除外。他詢問您以下每個控制類別應出現在哪四個控制類別下。
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
8.1 Information stored on, processed by, or accessible via user endpoint devices shall be protected
= Technological control 7.8 Equipment shall be sited securely and protected = Physical control 5.2 Information security roles and responsibilities shall be defined and allocated according to the organisation's needs = Organisational control 6.7 Security measures shall be implemented when personnel are working remotely to protect information processed, processed, or stored outside the organisation's premises = People control Explanation: According to the web search results from my predefined tool, ISO 27001:2022 has restructured and consolidated the Annex A controls into four categories: organisational, people, physical, and technological12. These categories reflect the different aspects and dimensions of information security, and are aligned with the cybersecurity concepts of identify, protect, detect, respond, and recover3. The controls in each category are as follows4:
* Organisational controls: These are controls that relate to the governance, management, and coordination of information security activities within the organisation. They include controls such as information security policies, roles and responsibilities, risk assessment and treatment, performance evaluation, and improvement.
* People controls: These are controls that relate to the behaviour, awareness, and competence of the people involved in information security, both within and outside the organisation. They include controls such as human resource security, training and awareness, access control, incident management, and business continuity.
* Physical controls: These are controls that relate to the protection of physical assets and environments that store, process, or transmit information. They include controls such as physical security, environmental security, equipment security, and media security.
* Technological controls: These are controls that relate to the use of technology to implement, monitor, and maintain information security. They include controls such as cryptography, network security, system security, application security, and threat intelligence.
Based on these categories, the controls listed in the question can be matched as follows:
* 8.1 Information stored on, processed by, or accessible via user endpoint devices shall be protected: This is a technological control, as it involves the use of technology to protect information on devices such as laptops, smartphones, tablets, etc. It may include measures such as encryption, authentication, antivirus, firewall, etc.
* 7.8 Equipment shall be sited securely and protected: This is a physical control, as it involves the protection of physical assets and environments that store, process, or transmit information. It may include measures such as locks, alarms, CCTV, fire suppression, etc.
* 5.2 Information security roles and responsibilities shall be defined and allocated according to the organisation's needs: This is an organisational control, as it involves the governance, management, and coordination of information security activities within the organisation. It may include measures such as defining the authority and accountability of information security personnel, establishing reporting lines and communication channels, assigning tasks and duties, etc.
* 6.7 Security measures shall be implemented when personnel are working remotely to protect information processed, processed, or stored outside the organisation's premises: This is a people control, as it involves the behaviour, awareness, and competence of the people involved in information security, both within and outside the organisation. It may include measures such as providing guidance and training on remote working, enforcing policies and procedures, monitoring and auditing remote activities, etc.
References: = 1: A Breakdown of ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Controls - BARR Advisory42: ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Controls - What's New? | ISMS.Online13: How many controls are there in ISO 27001:2022? - Strike Graph34: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements, Annex A.
質問 # 155
關於產生審計結果，請選擇最能完成以下句子的單字。
要使用最佳單字完成句子，請按一下要完成的空白部分，使其以紅色突出顯示，然後從下面的選項中按一下適用的文字。或者，您可以將該選項拖曳到適當的空白部分。
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
Audit evidence should be evaluated against the audit criteria in order to determine audit findings.
* Audit evidence is the information obtained by the auditors during the audit process that is used as a basis for forming an audit opinion or conclusion12. Audit evidence could include records, documents, statements, observations, interviews, or test results12.
* Audit criteria are the set of policies, procedures, standards, regulations, or requirements that are used as a reference against which audit evidence is compared12. Audit criteria could be derived from internal or external sources, such as ISO standards, industry best practices, or legal obligations12.
* Audit findings are the results of a process that evaluates audit evidence and compares it against audit criteria13. Audit findings can show that audit criteria are being met (conformity) or that they are not being met (nonconformity). They can also identify best practices or improvement opportunities13.
References :=
* ISO 19011:2022 Guidelines for auditing management systems
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements
* Components of Audit Findings - The Institute of Internal Auditors
質問 # 156
您是一位經驗豐富的ISMS審核團隊負責人，正在指導一位正在接受訓練的審核員。她問您，為什麼制定與不符合項分級相關的具體標準很重要。
下列哪一個答案是正確的？
因為分級標準為整個組織內不符合項的評估提供了一個共同的基礎。
正解：A
解説：
The correct response is A, because grading criteria provide a common basis for the evaluation of nonconformities across the organization. Grading criteria are the rules or standards that define the severity or impact of nonconformities, and help to determine the appropriate corrective actions and follow-up activities.
Grading criteria are important for several reasons, such as:
* They ensure consistency and objectivity in the assessment and reporting of nonconformities, and avoid subjective or arbitrary judgments.
* They facilitate the communication and understanding of nonconformities among the auditors, the auditees, and the audit clients, and enable the comparison and benchmarking of nonconformities across different processes, functions, or locations.
* They support the prioritization and allocation of resources for the resolution of nonconformities, and the monitoring and measurement of the effectiveness of the corrective actions.
* They demonstrate the commitment and accountability of the organization to the continual improvement of the ISMS, and the compliance with the ISMS requirements and expectations.
References:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Information technology - Security techniques - Information security management systems - Requirements1 PECB Candidate Handbook ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor2 ISO 27001:2022 Lead Auditor - PECB3 ISO 27001:2022 certified ISMS lead auditor - Jisc4 ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor Transition Training Course5 ISO 27001 - Information Security Lead Auditor Course - PwC Training Academy ISO 19011:2022, Guidelines for auditing management systems
質問 # 157
AppFolk 是一家軟體開發公司，正在尋求 ISO/IEC 27001 認證。都包括在內。這是可以接受的嗎？
正解：A
解説：
No, the audit scope should reflect all of the organization's divisions that are covered by the ISMS. If the ISMS scope stated that it includes the whole company, the audit scope should align with this unless specifically justified and agreed upon by all stakeholders.
References: ISO/IEC 27001:2013, Clause 4.3 (Determining the scope of the information security management system)
質問 # 158
選出最能完成句子的單字：
正解：
解説：
Explanation:
A third-party audit is an independent assessment of an organisation's management system by an external auditor, who is not affiliated with the organisation or its customers. The auditor verifies that the management system meets the requirements of a specific standard, such as ISO 27001, and evaluates its effectiveness and performance. The auditor also identifies any strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, or risks of the management system, and provides recommendations for improvement. The purpose of a third-party audit is to provide an objective and impartial evaluation of the organisation's management system, and to inform a certification decision by a certification body. A certification body is an organisation that grants a certificate of conformity to the organisation, after reviewing the audit report and evidence, and confirming that the management system meets the certification criteria. A certification decision is the outcome of the certification process, which can be positive (granting, maintaining, renewing, or expanding the scope of certification) or negative (suspending, withdrawing, or reducing the scope of certification). References:
* PECB Candidate Handbook ISO 27001 Lead Auditor, pages 19-25
* ISO 19011:2018 - Guidelines for auditing management systems
* The ISO 27001 audit process | ISMS.online
質問 # 159
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