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| Section | Objectives |
|---|---|
| Fundamentals of Information Security Auditing | - Audit principles based on ISO 19011
|
| Conducting an Audit | - Audit execution
|
| Planning and Initiating an Audit | - Audit program and planning activities
|
| Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on ISO/IEC 27001 | - ISO/IEC 27001 requirements (Clauses 4–10)
|
| Closing the Audit | - Audit reporting and follow-up
|
>> ISO-IEC-27001-Lead-Auditor-CN学習範囲 <<
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質問 # 392
您是一位經驗豐富的 ISMS 審核團隊負責人，正在與分配給您的審核團隊的正在接受培訓的審核員進行交談。您希望確保他們了解計劃-執行-檢查-行動週期的檢查階段對於資訊安全管理系統的運作的重要性。
您可以透過要求他選擇最能描述檢查活動目的的答案來做到這一點
'管理審查。
管理評審的目的是： 選擇 1
正解：C
解説：
The management review is a key component of the "Check" stage in the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle. Its primary purpose is to evaluate the overall ISMS and make strategic decisions for improvement. Here's why the other options are less accurate:
* A . Random intervals: Reviews should be conducted at planned intervals for consistency and tracking progress.
* B . Compliance: While compliance is a consideration, the main focus is on the system's suitability for the organization's needs, its adequacy in managing risks, and its overall effectiveness in achieving information security objectives.
* D . Update: The management review might lead to updates, but its primary goal is evaluation, not immediate modification.
Reference:
* ISO/IEC 27001:2022, Section 9.3 (Management Review): Outlines the purpose and requirement for conducting management reviews.
質問 # 393
情境 8
Trustingo自2010年起在愛沙尼亞提供銀行和金融服務。該公司在全國擁有30家分行和100多台ATM機。為滿足嚴格的資料安全和隱私法規要求，Trustingo實施了基於ISO/IEC 27001的資訊安全管理系統(ISMS)，從而確保更高的安全性、更完善的風險管理以及對法律法規的合規性。
在成功實施資訊安全管理系統 (ISMS) 九個月後，Trustingo 決定委託獨立的認證機構，根據 ISO/IEC 27001 標準對其 ISMS 進行認證。此次認證審核涵蓋了 Trustingo 的系統、流程和技術。
審核組聯合進行了第一階段和第二階段審核，並發現了若干不符合項。
第一個不符合項與Trustingo的資訊標籤有關。該公司製定了資訊分類方案，但沒有資訊標籤程序。因此，需要相同保護等級的檔案卻被貼上了不同的標籤。
不符合項也影響了媒體處理。審核團隊採用抽樣方法，結論：50%
200個可移動儲存媒體儲存了敏感訊息，這些資訊被錯誤地歸類為機密資訊。根據資訊分類方案，機密資訊可以儲存在可移動儲存媒體中，而儲存敏感資訊則被嚴格禁止。
審核團隊起草了不符合項報告，並與 Trustingo 的代表討論了審核結論，Trustingo 的代表同意在兩個月內提交針對已發現不符合項的行動計劃。
由於認證建議的前提條件是提交糾正措施，Trustingo 必須提交糾正措施計劃，以說明其將如何解決這些不符合項。 Trustingo 接受了審核組長提出的解決方案，並透過制定資訊標籤程序和更新可移動媒體程序來解決這些不符合項。
審核結束後兩週，Trustingo提交了一份總體行動計畫。雖然該計劃涵蓋了已發現的不符合項以及已採取的糾正措施，但缺乏針對每項不符合項的詳細行動步驟，也沒有包含受影響的系統、控制措施或操作的具體資訊。審核小組對該行動計劃進行了評估。儘管如此，Trustingo仍收到了不利的認證建議。
問題
哪一種選項可以作為不予認證建議的理由？請參考情境 8。
正解：B
解説：
The unfavorable recommendation for certification is best justified by the major nonconformity related to storing sensitive information in removable media, making option A the correct answer. ISO/IEC 27001 certification decisions are heavily influenced by the presence and effective resolution of major nonconformities, particularly those that expose the organization to significant information security risks.
In this scenario, sensitive information was stored on removable media in violation of Trustingo's own information classification scheme. This represents a serious breakdown in control implementation and creates a high risk of data leakage, loss, or unauthorized disclosure. Such a condition is typically classified as a major nonconformity because it demonstrates a failure to effectively implement and enforce ISMS controls related to information handling and protection.
While the lack of an information labeling procedure is a valid nonconformity, it is generally considered minor when viewed in isolation. Option B therefore does not sufficiently justify an unfavorable certification recommendation on its own. Option C is also incorrect because submitting the action plan earlier than the agreed timeline is not a negative factor and does not breach certification requirements.
Even though Trustingo submitted an action plan, its lack of sufficient detail prevented the certification body from confirming that the major nonconformity would be effectively corrected and prevented from recurring.
Therefore, the unresolved major nonconformity related to sensitive information on removable media is the primary justification for the unfavorable certification recommendation.
質問 # 394
您是一位經驗豐富的審核團隊負責人，負責為其客戶設計網站的組織進行第三方監督審核。您目前正在審查該組織的適用性聲明。
根據 ISO/IEC 27001 的要求，以下關於適用性聲明的觀察哪兩項是正確的？
正解：D、E
質問 # 395
您是 ISMS 審核小組組長，由您的認證機構指派對客戶進行後續審核。您正在為此審核準備審核計畫。
下列哪兩項敘述是正確的？
正解：C、F
解説：
According to ISO 27001:2022 clause 9.1.2, the organisation shall conduct internal audits at planned intervals to provide information on whether the information security management system conforms to the organisation's own requirements, the requirements of ISO 27001:2022, and is effectively implemented and maintained12 According to ISO 27001:2022 clause 10.1, the organisation shall react to the nonconformities and take action, as applicable, to control and correct them and deal with the consequences. The organisation shall also evaluate the need for action to eliminate the causes of nonconformities, in order to prevent recurrence or occurrence. The organisation shall implement any action needed, review the effectiveness of any corrective action taken, and make changes to the information security management system, if necessary12 A follow-up audit is a type of internal audit that is conducted after a previous audit to verify whether the nonconformities and corrective actions have been addressed and resolved, and whether the information security management system has been improved12 Therefore, the following statements are true for preparing a follow-up audit plan:
Verification should focus on whether any action undertaken is complete. This means that the auditor should check whether the organisation has implemented all the planned actions to correct and prevent the nonconformities, and whether the actions have been documented and communicated as required12 Verification should focus on whether any action undertaken has been undertaken effectively. This means that the auditor should check whether the organisation has achieved the intended results and objectives of the actions, and whether the actions have eliminated or reduced the nonconformities and their causes and consequences12 The following statements are false for preparing a follow-up audit plan:
Verification should focus on whether any action undertaken has been undertaken efficiently. This is false because efficiency is not a criterion for verifying the actions taken to address the nonconformities and corrective actions. Efficiency refers to the optimal use of resources to achieve the desired outcomes, but it is not a requirement of ISO 27001:2022. The auditor should focus on the effectiveness and completeness of the actions, not on the efficiency12 Corrections should be verified first, followed by corrective actions and finally opportunities for improvement. This is false because there is no prescribed order for verifying the corrections, corrective actions, and opportunities for improvement. The auditor should verify all the actions taken by the organisation, regardless of their sequence or priority. The auditor may choose to verify the actions based on their relevance, significance, or impact, but this is not a mandatory requirement12 Opportunities for improvement should be verified first, followed by corrections and finally corrective actions. This is false because there is no prescribed order for verifying the opportunities for improvement, corrections, and corrective actions. The auditor should verify all the actions taken by the organisation, regardless of their sequence or priority. The auditor may choose to verify the actions based on their relevance, significance, or impact, but this is not a mandatory requirement12 Corrective actions should be reviewed first, followed by corrections and finally opportunities for improvement. This is false because there is no prescribed order for reviewing the corrective actions, corrections, and opportunities for improvement. The auditor should review all the actions taken by the organisation, regardless of their sequence or priority. The auditor may choose to review the actions based on their relevance, significance, or impact, but this is not a mandatory requirement12 Reference:
1: ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Lead Auditor (Information Security Management Systems) Course by CQI and IRCA Certified Training 1 2: ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor Training Course by PECB 2
質問 # 396
您正在一家提供醫療保健服務的住宅療養院進行 ISMS 審核。審核計畫的下一步是驗證業務連續性管理流程的資訊安全性。在審計過程中，您了解到該組織啟動了其中一項業務連續性計劃 (BCP)，以確保護理服務在最近的大流行期間繼續進行。您要求服務經理解釋組織如何在業務連續性管理流程中管理資訊安全。
服務經理介紹了針對大流行的護理服務連續性計劃，並將流程總結如下：
停止接納任何新居民。
70%的行政人員和30%的醫護人員將在家工作。
定期對員工進行自我檢測，包括在來辦公室前 1 天提交陰性檢測報告。
安裝 ABC 的醫療保健行動應用程序，追蹤他們的足跡並出示綠色健康狀況二維碼以供現場檢查。
您詢問服務經理，當員工在家工作時，如何防止非相關家庭成員或利害關係人存取居民的個人資料。服務經理無法回答，並建議 IT 安全經理應提供協助。
您想進一步調查其他領域以收集更多審計證據。選擇三個不會出現在您的審核追蹤中的選項。
正解：B、C、H
解説：
According to ISO/IEC 27001:2022 clause 6.1, the organization must establish, implement and maintain an information security risk management process that includes the following activities:
establishing and maintaining information security risk criteria;
ensuring that repeated information security risk assessments produce consistent, valid and comparable results; identifying the information security risks; analyzing the information security risks; evaluating the information security risks; treating the information security risks; accepting the information security risks and the residual information security risks; communicating and consulting with stakeholders throughout the process; monitoring and reviewing the information security risks and the risk treatment plan.
According to control A.5.29, the organization must establish, document, implement and maintain processes, procedures and controls to ensure the required level of continuity for information security during a disruptive situation. The organization must also:
determine its requirements for information security and the continuity of information security management in adverse situations, e.g. during a crisis or disaster; establish, document, implement and maintain processes, procedures and controls to ensure the required level of continuity for information security during an adverse situation; verify the availability of information processing facilities.
Therefore, the following options will not be in your audit trail, as they are not relevant to the information security risk management process or the information security continuity process:
E . Collect more evidence on how the organisation makes sure all staff periodically conduct a positive Covid test (Relevant to control A.7.2). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the health and safety of the staff, not the protection of information assets. Control A.7.2 is about screening of personnel prior to employment, not during employment.
G . Collect more evidence on how the organisation performs a business risk assessment to evaluate how fast the existing residents can be discharged from the nursing home. (Relevant to clause 6). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the operational and financial aspects of the business, not the identification and treatment of information security risks. Clause 6 is about the information security risk management process, not the business risk management process.
H . Collect more evidence on what resources the organisation provides to support the staff working from home. (Relevant to clause 7.1). This is not relevant to the information security aspects of business continuity management, as it is related to the general provision of resources for the ISMS, not the specific processes, procedures and controls to ensure the continuity of information security during a disruptive situation. Clause 7.1 is about determining and providing the resources needed for the establishment, implementation, maintenance and continual improvement of the ISMS, not the resources needed for the staff working from home.
Reference:
ISO/IEC 27001:2022, clauses 6.1, 7.1, and Annex A control A.5.29
[PECB Candidate Handbook ISO/IEC 27001 Lead Auditor], pages 14-15, 17, 22-23 ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Control 5.29 - What's New?
ISO 22301 Business Continuity Management System
質問 # 397
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